网络著作权算法私人执法的异化及其矫正  

Alienation of Online Private Algorithmic Enforcement of Copyright and Its Correction

作　　者：张海燕[1] ZHANG Haiyan

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第5期142-158,共17页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“CPTPP知识产权执法规则与中国应对研究”(项目编号:16BFX205);湖南省社会科学基金项目“药品试验数据保护制度创新研究”(项目编号:23YBA003);国家人权教育与培训基地(中南大学人权研究中心)重大项目“疫情应对中药品试验数据保护的限制及中国应对研究”(项目编号:CSUHR22010101)的研究成果。

摘　　要：经由算法赋能、私法制度提供合法性的网络著作权算法私人执法,借助公权力体系肆意扩张,正在架构新的社会关系和催生新的社会规范。算法的设计缺陷和法律规制的缺失使得网络著作权算法私人执法存在异化为私主体的利益实现工具的风险,可能造成对网络用户合法权益的侵犯,具体体现为侵蚀用户表达权利、挤压公众合理使用空间、剥夺用户经济利益等。权力与权利的平衡应成为矫正网络著作权算法私人执法异化的规制目标,循着公权力合理限制私权力、增益私权利对抗私权力的规制思路,通过立法建立限权与赋权的制度体系,具体应建立算法审查制度、基本权利保护责任制度以及算法问责制度,配置用户算法解释权和申诉权等,可激发最大制度性合力,实现多元主体的利益平衡。The online private algorithmic enforcement of copyright,which is empowered by algorithm and endowed with legitimacy by private law,is experiencing wanton expansion with the help of the public power system and hastening new social norms and constructing new social relationships.Due to design defects of algorithms and the lack of legal regulation,the online private algorithmic enforcement of copyright has a risk of becoming a tool for private entities to pursue their interests,which may cause infringement upon the legitimate rights and interests of network users,which specifically includes eroding users’rights of expression,reducing the public’s fair-use space and depriving users’economic benefits.It is advisable to take the balance between power and rights as the regulatory goal of correcting the alienation of the online private algorithmic enforcement of copyright,follow the regulatory train of thought that public power reasonably restricts private power,and private rights are enhanced to counter private power,establish a system of regimes on power limitation and empowerment through legislation,specifically the regime of algorithm review,the regime of responsibility for protecting basic rights and the regime of algorithm accountability,grant users the right to interpret algorithms and appeal,thus stimulating maximum institutional synergy and achieving a balance of interests among diverse stakeholders.

关 键 词：“通知—屏蔽” 算法私人执法 异化 利益失衡 法律规制 

分 类 号：DF523.1[政治法律—民商法学]