敦煌戈壁地表反射率光谱的旋翼无人机测量及定标评估  

Measurements of CRCS Dunhuang Gobi Surface Reflectance SpectrumUsing Multi-Rotor UAV and Its Calibration Evaluations

作　　者：张勇[1,2,3] 徐寒列 张立军 李元[1,2] 孙凌 覃丹宇[1,2] 戎志国 胡秀清[1,2] 陆其峰 卢乃锰 ZHANG Yong;XU Han-lie;ZHANG Li-jun;LI Yuan;SUN Ling;QIN Dan-yu;RONG Zhi-guo;HU Xiu-qing;LU Qi-feng;LU Nai-meng(Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environment Satellites,National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather),China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC),Beijing 100081,China;Meteorological Satellite Engineering Management Office,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre(CEMC),China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局中国遥感卫星辐射测量和定标重点开放实验室/国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心),北京100081 [2]许健民气象卫星创新中心,北京100081 [3]中国气象局气象卫星工程管理办公室,北京100081 [4]中国气象局地球系统数值预报中心,北京100081

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2024年第5期1439-1448,共10页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42275149);国家自然科学基金重点项目(42230109);民用航天“十三五”技术预先研究项目(D040401);上海航天科技创新基金项目(SAST2019-044)资助。

摘　　要：利用敦煌中国遥感卫星辐射校正场的星地同步观测试验,实现对我国在轨气象、海洋、陆地资源、环境减灾、测绘地震、高分、军事等系列卫星光学成像载荷太阳反射波段的绝对辐射定标,是目前的重要手段之一。然而,中国遥感卫星辐射校正场传统的地表反射率光谱星地同步测量方法是基于汽车跑场观测,不仅耗费较大的人力物力、容易造成场地破坏,而且获取的测量数据缺乏区域代表性。鉴于此,自2016年起,在敦煌星地同步观测试验中以旋翼无人机低空同步测量为主,跑场测量为辅,完成从航线设计、航高选择、仪器参数配置、采样策略、航空数据处理的全链路摸底测试。多次飞行试验表明,采用多旋翼无人机低空飞行来代替汽车跑场同步测量,不仅提高了地表反射特性测量的空间一致性和代表性,还提高了地表反射率光谱的测量效率,也对宝贵的中国遥感卫星辐射校正场敦煌戈壁场区地表进行了有效保护,极大的节约了人力物力成本。通过传统跑场测量和航飞测量的地表反射率光谱数据对比分析,发现多次测量数据的均值一致性较好,并且航飞测量的数据标准差更小。利用TERRA MODIS的同步观测来对无人机测量数据开展辐射定标评估,结果表明航飞数据的相对偏差均在5%以内,可以代替跑场数据完成定标,精度满足要求。随着无人机性能的进一步优化和提高,在不久的将来必将得到更加广泛和深入的应用,在外场定标试验领域也将发挥更大更重要的作用。The satellite-ground synchronous observation experiment at China Radiometric Calibration Sites(CRCS)Dunhuang is one of the primary methods for achieving absolute radiometric calibration of China's meteorology,oceanography,land resource,environmental disaster monitoring,and military series satellite optical imaging payloads solar reflection bands.However,the traditional method of surface reflectance spectral satellite-ground synchronous measurement at CRCS Dunhuang Site is based on vehicle observation,which not only consumes significant resources and can damage the site but results in measurement data lacking regional representativeness.To address this issue,the 2016 satellite-ground synchronous observation experiment at CRCS Dunhuang primarily utilized rotor drones for low-altitude synchronous measurements supplemented by vehicle observations.The experiment covered all process aspects,including route design,altitude selection,instrument parameter configuration,sampling strategy,and aviation data processing.Multiple flight tests have shown that using rotor drones for low-altitude measurements,instead of vehicle-based measurements,improves the spatial consistency and representativeness of ground reflectance characteristics.Using drone-based measurements also increases the efficiency of assessing ground reflectance.It effectively protects the precious Gobi surface of CRCS Dunhuang,resulting in significant savings of resources.Comparisons of surface reflectance data obtained through aerial and vehicle-based measurements indicate that the mean values of multiple surface reflectance measurements are relatively close,However,the standard deviation of the aerial measurements is smaller.Evaluating the radiometric calibration of reflectance data obtained by drones using synchronous measurements from the Terra MODIS sensor indicates that the relative deviation of the drone data is within 5%.Drone-based measurements can replace vehicle-based field measurements for calibration purposes,and the accuracy meets requirements.With

关 键 词：中国遥感卫星辐射校正场 无人机 地表反射率 在轨绝对辐射定标 星地同步观测 敦煌戈壁 

分 类 号：TP701[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]