长期定位耕作模式对小麦^(13)C同化物分配和籽粒产量形成的影响  

Effects of long-term positioning tillage on ^(13)C assimilate distribution and grain yield formation in wheat

作　　者：王庆源 陈甜 于振文[1] 张振 张永丽[1] 石玉[1] WANG Qingyuan;CHEN Tian;YU Zhenwen;ZHANG Zhen;ZHANG Yongli;SHI Yu(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Tai'an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第4期926-932,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172114);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-18);泰山学者工程专项经费资助。

摘　　要：明确长期定位耕作模式对小麦籽粒产量的影响及其生理原因,可为小麦的高产高效生产提供理论依据与技术支撑。以济麦22为试验材料,研究了连续14年旋耕(R)、少免耕(S)和隔两年深松+少免耕(SS)3种耕作模式对小麦植株冠层光截获、同化物转运分配和籽粒产量形成的影响。结果表明:小麦叶面积指数在开花后14~28 d表现为SS处理显著高于其他处理;开花后21 d, SS处理小麦冠层的上层和中层光合有效辐射截获率和截获量均显著高于R和S处理;开花后同化物对籽粒的贡献率和^(13)C同化物在籽粒中的分配比例表现为SS处理均显著高于其他处理,且最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均显著高于其他处理;SS处理的千粒重较R和S处理分别提高了8.7%和9.6%,籽粒产量较R和S处理分别提高了14.2%和19.4%。SS处理显著改善了小麦冠层的光能利用,促进了干物质的积累和转运,提高了籽粒灌浆速率,增加了粒重,获得了最高的籽粒产量,是本试验条件下的最优耕作模式。To provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the high-yield and high-efficiency production of wheat,we examined the effects of different tillage patterns on wheat grain yield of Jimai 22 and the physiological mechanisms in an experiment with three treatments:14 years in rotary tillage(R),minimal and no tillage(S),and minimal and no tillage with a 2-year subsoiling interval(SS).We assessed the light interception by wheat plant canopy,the distribution of photosynthate transport,and grain yield for the three cultivation modes.The results showed that leaf area index was significantly higher for SS treatment than the other treatments at 14-28 days after anthesis.The interception rate and amount of photosynthetically active radiation in the upper and middle layers of wheat canopy were significantly higher for SS treatment than R and S treatments at 21 days after anthesis.The contribution rate of grain assimilation and the distribution proportion of ^(13)C assimilated in grain,and the maximum and average filling rates,were the highest under SS treatment.The 1000-kernel weight for SS treatment increased by 8.7% and 9.6%,and the grain yield increased by 14.2% and 19.4%compared with R and S treatments,respectively.SS treatment significantly improved light energy utilization by wheat canopy,promoted the accumulation and transport of dry matter,increased the grain-filling rate,increased grain weight,which together contributed to the highest grain yield.Therefore,SS was the optimal tillage pattern under the conditions of this experiment.

关 键 词：耕作模式 光截获 ^(13)C同化物 籽粒灌浆 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]