补灌条件下施磷量对小麦不同茎蘖^(13)C同化物分配及其成穗的影响  

Effects of phosphorus application rate on distribution of ^(13)C assimilates and spike formation in different tillers of wheat with supplementary irrigation

作　　者：惠凯善 冉庆赏 石玉[1] 张振 于振文[1] 张永丽[1] HUI Kaishan;RAN Qingshang;SHI Yu;ZHANG Zhen;YU Zhenwen;ZHANG Yongli(College of Agriculture,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Corp Biology/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Tai'an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第4期942-950,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MC131);国家自然科学基金项目(31771717);财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系项目”(CARS-03);华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室开放课题(NCCIR2023KF-1)资助。

摘　　要：为明确补灌条件下促进小麦分蘖发生成穗和磷肥高效利用的适宜施磷量及其生理机制,以‘济麦22’小麦品种为供试材料,设置低磷(90 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2),P_(1))、中磷(135 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2),P_(2))和高磷(180 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2),P_(3))处理,以不施磷为对照(P_(0)),各处理拔节期和开花期土壤相对含水量均补灌至70%,测定了小麦分蘖节面积和内源激素含量、各蘖位分蘖发生数、光合参数、^(13)C同化物在各茎蘖的分配、籽粒产量及磷肥偏生产力。结果表明:与P_(0)和P_(1)相比,P_(2)显著提高了小麦分蘖节面积、反式玉米素(tZ)含量、主茎最上部展开叶光合参数、单株总茎蘖数和^(13)C同化物在各茎蘖的分配量,单株成穗数分别增加0.51和0.36个,籽粒产量分别增加40.3%和13.2%;P3处理下,小麦分蘖数增加,但单株成穗数减少,籽粒产量和磷肥偏生产力降低。中磷处理(135 kg·hm^(-2))为本试验补灌条件下小麦高产高效的适宜磷肥用量。To clarify the appropriate rate of phosphorus application and physiological mechanism for promoting wheat tilering and efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer with supplementary irrigation,we used‘Jimai 22’wheat variety as the test material,to set up three phosphorus application treatments,including low(90 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2),P_(1)),medium(135 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2),P_(2)),and high(180 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2),P_(3))application rates,with no phosphorus application as the control(P_(0)).We increased the relative soil water content of each treatment at jointing stage and anthesis stage to 70%,and measured the area of tiller node,the content of endogenous hormones,the number of tillers in each tiller position,photosynthetic parameters,the distribution of^(13)C assimilates in each stem and tiller,as well as the grain yield and partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer.The results showed that compared with P_(0) and P_(1)treatments,P_(2) significantly increased the area of tiller node and the trans-zeatin(tz),the photosynthetic parameters of the uppermost expanded leaves of the main stem,the total tillers per plant,and the distribution of ^(13)C assimilates in each tller.The number of ears per plant was increased by 0.51 and 0.36,and grain yield was increased by 40.3% and 13.2%,respectively.In P_(3)treatment,the number of tillers increased,but the panicles per plant,and the grain yield and phosphate fertilizer partial productivity decreased.Our results suggested that the moderate phosphorus treatment(135 kg·hm^(-2))under supplementary irrigation was suitable for high yield and high efficiency of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 施磷量 分蘖成穗 籽粒产量 磷肥偏生产力 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]