40~90 kg牦牛犊牛能量代谢规律及需要量研究  

Study on Energy Metabolism Rule and Requirement of 40 to 90 kg Yak Calve

作　　者：李世关 刘燕红 杨得玉 刘书杰[1] 周玉青 张万明 崔占鸿[1] LI Shiguan;LIU Yanhong;YANG Deyu;LIU Shujie;ZHOU Yuqing;ZHANG Wanming;CUI Zhanhong(Qinghai Provincial Plateau Grazing Livestock Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Key Laboratory,Qinghai Yak Engineering Technology Research Center,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep Animal Nutrition and Forage Key Laboratory,Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Management Committee of Plateau Ecological Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Demonstration Park,Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Haiyan 810299,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016 [2]海北藏族自治州高原生态畜牧业科技示范园管委会,海晏810299

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第4期2512-2523,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260853);青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金(2023ZY017)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究40~90 kg牦牛犊牛能量代谢规律及需要量。选取35头健康、体重相近的(60±3)日龄牦牛犊牛(公),分为3组,分别为初期屠宰组(IS组,7头)、中期屠宰组(MS组,7头)、末期屠宰组(FS组,21头),而FS组又分为自由采食组(AL组,21头)、70%采食组(IR70组,21头)和40%采食组(IR40组,21头)。预试期30 d,正试期90 d。AL组、IR70组和IR40组牦牛犊牛分梯度饲喂基础饲粮。当IS组、MS组、AL组牦牛犊牛体重分别达到48、64、88 kg时,5组各选择5头牦牛犊牛进行屠宰。在试验结束前2周进行消化代谢试验和气体代谢试验。结果表明:1)AL组的终末体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量显著高于IR70组和IR40组(P<0.05)。2)AL组的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于IR70组和IR40组(P<0.05),AL组的总能、粪能、代谢能和消化能显著高于IR70组和IR40组(P<0.05),AL组和IR40组的总能消化率、总能代谢率显著高于IR70组(P<0.05)。3)AL组和IR70组的氧气消耗量、二氧化碳产生量显著高于IR40组(P<0.05)。3组之间呼吸熵和甲烷产生量无显著差异(P>0.05),呼吸熵在0.65~0.80。4)组织中能量含量从高到低为:脂肪>肌肉>血液+内脏>皮>骨骼>毛。5)40~90 kg牦牛犊牛平均日增重在100~500 g/d的生长净能需要量为1.37~8.10 MJ/d,生长净能需要量的模型为:log 10能量=0.8309+1.232×log 10空腹体重。维持净能需要量的回归方程为:log 10产热量=0.000138×代谢能摄入量+2.573,维持净能需要量为374.10 kJ/kg SBW 0.75。综上得出,40~90 kg牦牛犊牛气体代谢的呼吸熵为0.65~0.80,维持净能需要量为374.1 kJ/kg SBW 0.75,平均日增重在100~500 g/d的生长净能需要量为1.37~8.10 MJ/d,补充了饲养标准中牦牛犊牛营养需要的基础参数。The purpose of this experiment was to explore the energy metabolism rule and requirement of 40 to 90 kg yak calve.Thirty-five healthy(60±3)-day old yak calves(male)with similar body weight were divided into 3 groups,namely the initiation slaughter group(IS group,7 calves),middle slaughter group(MS group,7 calves)and final slaughter group(FS group,21 calves),while the FS group was subdivided into the ad libitum feeding group(AL group,7 calves),70%feeding group(IR70 group,7 calves)and 40%feeding group(IR40 group,7 calves).The pre-experimental period lasted for 30 days,and the experimental period lasted for 90 days.The yak calves in AL group,IR70 group and IR40 group were fed the basal diets in a gradient manner.When the body weight of yak calves in IS group,MS group and AL group reached 48,64 and 88 kg,5 yak calves in each of the 5 groups were selected for slaughter.The digestive metabolism experiment and gas metabolism were conducted before two weeks of the experiment end.The results showed as follows:1)the final body weight,average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of AL group were significantly higher than those of IR70 group and IR40 group(P<0.05).2)The apparent digestibility of crude protein,crude fat,neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber of AL group were significantly higher than those of IR70 group and IR40 group(P<0.05),the gross energy,fecal energy,metabolic energy and digestive energy of AL group were significantly higher than those of IR70 group and IR40 group(P<0.05),and the gross energy digestibility and gross energy metabolic rate of AL group and IR40 group were significantly higher than those of those of IR70 group(P<0.05).3)The oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of AL group and IR70 group were significantly higher than those of those of IR40 group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in methane production and respiratory entropy among the three groups(P>0.05),and the respiratory entropy ranged from 0.65 to 0.80.4)The energy contents in tissues from

关 键 词：牦牛犊牛 能量需要量 饲喂水平 消化代谢 气体代谢 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]