成年马来穿山甲饲粮适宜粗蛋白质水平研究  

A Study on Optimal Dietary Crude Protein Level of Adult Manis javanica

作　　者：贺慧冰 王凯 许学林 安富宇 李永政 王祥和 李瑞 周锡红[3] 印遇龙[3] 卫功庆 华彦 HE Huibing;WANG Kai;XU Xuelin;AN Fuyu;LI Yongzheng;WANG Xianghe;LI Rui;ZHOU Xihong;YIN Yulong;WEI Gongqing;HUA Yan(Secondary Laboratory of Medicinal Animal Breeding,Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jilin Province,College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture,Protection and Utilization,Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,吉林省中医药管理局药用动物养殖二级实验室,长春130118 [2]广东省林业科学院,广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室,广州510520 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第4期2612-2622,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J0837);广东省林业局自然资源事务专项资金——生态林业建设项目“穿山甲营养需求及人工饲料研发”。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对圈养成年马来穿山甲体重、平均日采食量、粪便评分、血液生化和抗氧化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响,以确定成年马来穿山甲饲粮适宜粗蛋白质水平。试验采用6×6拉丁方设计,选择6只(雌、雄各3只)体重相近的健康成年马来穿山甲,分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为40%(Ⅰ组)、42%(Ⅱ组)、44%(Ⅲ组)、46%(Ⅳ组)、48%(Ⅴ组)、50%(Ⅵ组)的试验饲粮。试验分为6个阶段,每个阶段14 d,包括预试期7 d和正试期7 d。结果表明:1)各组之间初重、末重和平均日采食量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)各组之间粪便评分和水分含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各组之间血浆白蛋白、尿素氮、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量及丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、脂肪酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05),但血浆总蛋白含量存在差异趋势(P=0.060)。4)Ⅲ组的血清过氧化氢酶活性极显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ组(P<0.01),Ⅴ组的血清过氧化氢酶活性极显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.01),Ⅴ组的血清过氧化氢酶活性显著高于Ⅳ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05)。5)Ⅴ组的粗灰分表观消化率显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,圈养成年马来穿山甲的饲粮适宜粗蛋白质水平为44%。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein level on body weight,average daily feed intake,fecal score,blood biochemical and antioxidant indices and nutrient apparent digestibility of captive adult Manis javanica,to determine the dietary optimal crude protein level for adult Manis javanica.According to a 6×6 Latin square design,6 healthy adult Manis javanica(3 males and 3 females)with similar body weight were selected,and fed the experimental diets with the crude protein levels of 40%(group Ⅰ),42%(group Ⅱ),44%(group Ⅲ),46%(group Ⅳ),48%(group Ⅴ)and 50%(group Ⅵ),respectively.The experiment was divided into 6 stages,with each stage lasting 14 days,including a pre-trial period of 7 days and a trial period of 7 days.The results showed as follows:1)there were no significant differences in the initial body weight,final body weight and average daily feed intake among all groups(P>0.05).2)There were no significant differences in the fecal score and moisture content among all groups(P>0.05).3)There were no significant differences in the contents of albumin,urea nitrogen,glucose,triglyceride,cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and activities of alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,lactate dehydrogenase and lipase in plasma among all groups(P>0.05),while the plasma total protein content showed a different trend(P=0.060).4)The serum catalase activity of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅱ,Ⅳ and Ⅵ(P<0.01),the serum catalase activity of groupⅤwas significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ(P<0.01),and the serum catalase activity of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅳ and Ⅵ(P<0.05).5)The crude ash apparent digestibility of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ(P<0.05).In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,the dietary optimal crude protein level for captive adult Manis javanica is 44%.

关 键 词：马来穿山甲 粗蛋白质 粪便评分 血浆生化指标 血清抗氧化指标 表观消化率 

分 类 号：S86[农业科学—野生动物驯养]