高速列车过隧道产生压力波的三维特性  

Three-dimensional characteristics of pressure waves induced by high-speed trains passing through tunnels

作　　者：王田天 陈嘉铭 王军彦 施方成 张雷 钱博森 姜琛 王家斌 王钰 杨明智 Tiantian Wang;Jiaming Chen;Junyan Wang;Fangcheng Shi;Lei Zhang;Bosen Qian;Chen Jiang;Jiabin Wang;Yu Wang;Mingzhi Yang(College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha,410082,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha,410075,China)

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《Acta Mechanica Sinica》2024年第2期75-88,共14页力学学报（英文版）

基　　金：the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52078199 and 51905547);the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.2020QNRC001);the financial support received from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0710903-C);the China National Railway Group Limited(Grant No.P2021J036);the Self-exploration and Innovation Project for Graduate Students of Central South University and Hunan Province(Grant Nos.2022ZZTS0158 and CX20220244).

摘　　要：本文采用滑移网格法模拟了时速350 km的高速列车通过350 m标准单线隧道,研究了列车前方不同隧道横截面的压力分布,基于等压力曲面描述了压力波的三维特征和传播机理,并提出了一种新式精确的压力传感器布置方案.研究结果表明,隧道横截面距离列车车头越远,平面压力差异越小.受列车车头和隧道横截面形状的影响,压力波不是简单的平面波,而是在传播过程中复杂变化的球面波.以隧道断面的压力差异小于1 Pa来定义平面波,可发现平面波出现在列车前方16.6 m附近.此外,在70-90 m的隧道断面上,隧道壁面测点和建筑限界测点之间的压力峰峰值差异可达13%,因此应将压力传感器布置在附属设施表面而不是隧道壁面.综上所述,本研究对于理解压力波的形成和传播机理以及指导隧道内压力传感器的科学布置具有重要意义.In this study,the sliding grid method is used to simulate a 350 km/h high-speed train passing through a 350 m standard single-line tunnel.The cross-sectional pressure distribution ahead of the train is investigated,the three-dimensional characteristics and propagation mechanism of pressure waves are described based on iso-pressure surfaces,and a newly accurate pressure sensor layout is proposed.The results show that the farther the cross-section is from the train,the smaller the cross-sectional pressure difference is.Influenced by the shape of the train nose and tunnel cross-section,the pressure waves are not simple planar waves,but spherical waves that vary in complexity over the propagation process.As the pressure difference of the 16.6 m cross-section before the train is within 1 Pa,the pressure waves behind this cross-section are defined as planar waves.Besides,the pressure peak-to-peak value difference between the wall and construction clearance reaches 13%at 70–90 m cross-sections,so the pressure sensors should be placed on the surface of the appurtenances rather than on the tunnel wall.In summary,this study is significant for understanding the formation and transmission mechanisms of pressure waves and guiding the scientific layout of pressure sensors in tunnels.

关 键 词：高速列车 隧道断面 建筑限界 单线隧道 传播机理 横截面形状 压力波 压力传感器 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]