上海市黄浦区老年人轻度认知障碍影响因素研究  

A study on influencing factors for mild cognitive impairment in the elderly in Huangpu District,Shanghai

作　　者：裘凤黔 陈玮华 高淑娜[1] 何丽华[1] 纪云芳[1] 杜娟[1] 陈博 张艳[1] Qiu Fengqian;Chen Weihua;Gao Shu na;He Lihua;Ji Yunfang;Du Juan;Chen Bo;Zhang Yan(The Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Huangpu District,Shanghai,200023,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]上海市黄浦区疾病预防控制中心,上海200023

出　　处：《老年医学与保健》2024年第2期403-409,417,共8页Geriatrics & Health Care

基　　金：上海市黄浦区区科委项目(HLM202023);上海市黄浦区卫健委菁英人才培养项目(2021JY02);上海市黄浦区卫生健康系统专业人才梯队建设项目计划-拔尖人才培养(2023BJ06)。

摘　　要：目的对上海市黄浦区老年人群轻度认知障碍的患病情况、影响因素进行调查,旨在探索黄浦区60岁及以上老年人轻度认知障碍的相关因素,寻找可以改变的影响因素,为轻度认知障碍(MCI)的早期防治等提供科学依据。方法于2023年1月-2023年7月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取上海市黄浦区60周岁及以上常住人口进行问卷调查,使用MoCA-B量表进行认知功能评价。采用单因素和多因素二分类Logistic回归分析60岁及以上老年人群患MCI的影响因素。结果802例被调查老年居民,MCI患病率31.80%。Logistic回归分析结果显示:高文化程度、经常饮茶、体育锻炼,为老年人群患MCI的独立保护因素;年龄大、脑卒中、高血压、独居是MCI的独立危险因素。结论黄浦区社区老年MCI患病率较高。一方面对高龄、文化程度低的人群和特定的患病人群(高血压、脑卒中),制定个性化干预模式,建议临床医护、家庭和社区密切配合;另一方面为社区内老年人提供早期的认知训练和健康促进活动,积极参加体育锻炼,鼓励老年人参加社交活动。Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors for mild cognitive impairment(MCI)in the elderly in Huangpu District,Shanghai,in order to explore the related factors of MCI in the elderly aged 60 years and above,and find the influencing factors that can be changed,so as to provide scientific basis for the early prevention and treatment of MCI.Methods From January 2023 to July 2023,a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select the permanent residents aged 60 and above in Huangpu District of Shanghai for questionnaire survey.MoCA-B scale was used to evaluate their cognitive function.Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors for MCI in the elderly aged 60 and above.Results 802 elderly residents were surveyed,with a MCI prevalence rate of 31.80%.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that high education level,frequent tea drinking and physical exercise were independent protective factors for MCI in the elderly population,whileolder age,stroke,hypertension,and living alone were independent risk factors for MCI.Conclusion The prevalence of MCI was higher in the elderly in Huangpu District.On the one hand,personalized intervention models should be developed for the elderly,low educated individuals,and specific affected populations(hypertension and stroke),and it is recommended that clinical medical staff,families,and communities cooperate closely.On the other hand,early cognitive training and health promotion activities should be provided to the elderly in the community,and they should be encouraged to actively participate in physical exercise and social activities.

关 键 词：社区 老年人轻度认知障碍 患病率 横断面调查 影响因素 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]