抗JPEG压缩的自适应图像隐写算法  

Adaptive Image Steganography Against JPEG Compression

作　　者：张静涵 陈文 ZHANG Jinghan;CHEN Wen(School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学网络空间安全学院,成都610065

出　　处：《计算机科学》2024年第5期321-330,共10页Computer Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(020YFB1805405,2019QY0800);国家自然科学基金(62372313,62002248,U19A2068)。

摘　　要：现有的网络通信系统在传输图像时往往会对图像进行JPEG压缩以节约通信开销。然而,传统的图像隐写技术缺乏抗JPEG压缩的能力,系统对含密图像进行有损压缩后,容易导致秘密信息被破坏而无法被正确提取。因此,设计安全、鲁棒的图像隐写技术具有重要的实际应用价值。文中提出了一种抗JPEG压缩的自适应图像鲁棒隐写算法。首先,分析了JPEG压缩对载体图像造成的信息损失,确定了在JPEG压缩前后保持稳定的纹理特征作为秘密信息的鲁棒嵌入域。其次,以此为基础,提出了一种基于图像分块纹理特征自适应调整的秘密信息量化嵌入方法,将秘密信息嵌入到抗压缩变换能力较强的图像块纹理均值特征中。最后,利用错误反馈机制对生成的含密图像进行调整,直到秘密信息提取错误率达到期望值,最终生成抗JPEG压缩的鲁棒含密图像。在BossBase1.01图像库上进行对比实验,结果表明,文中提出的抗JPEG压缩鲁棒隐写方法在经过JPEG压缩后,具有较强的抗压缩性和抗检测性,并保持了较高的图像质量。相比传统最低位(least significant bit,LSB)隐写、基于Catalan变换的图像隐写(Catalan based Steganography,CBS)、基于神经网络的图像隐写FNNS(Fixed Neural NetworkSteganography)和基于自编码器的鲁棒图像隐写RoSteALS(Robust Steganography using Autoencoder Latent Space),所提算法有效地将JPEG压缩后含密图像信息提取的平均错误率分别降低了49.79%,49.73%,37.38%和38.85%,生成的含密图像视觉质量高于基于Catalan变换的图像隐写、FNNS隐写和RoSteALS隐写,并保持了较好的抗StegExpose隐写分析性能。Existing network communication systems often employ JPEG compression to reduce communication overhead when transmitting images.However,traditional image steganography techniques lack the ability to withstand JPEG compression.After performing lossy compression on secret images,the secret data is easily destroyed and cannot be extracted correctly.Therefore,designing secure and robust image steganography technology has important practical application value.This paper proposes an adaptive image robust steganography algorithm that is resistant to JPEG compression.Firstly,this paper analyzes the information loss caused by JPEG compression on the carrier image and identify stable texture features that can serve as robust embedding domains for secret information.Based on this,this paper present an adaptive secret information quantization embedding method that adjusts based on image block texture features,embedding the secret information into the texture mean features of image blocks with strong resistance to compression.Finally,the error feedback mechanism is used to adjust the generated confidential image until the secret information extraction error rate reaches the expected value,and a robust stego image resistant to JPEG compression is generated.Comparison experiments on BossBase1.01 demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits robust compression,resistance to detection,and maintains high image quality even after JPEG compression.In comparison to traditional least significant bit(LSB)steganography,Catalan transform-based image steganography(Catalan based Steganography),fixed neural network steganography(FNNS),and robust steganography using autoencoder latent space(RoSteALS),the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the average error rates of information extraction by 49.79%,49.73%,37.38%,and 38.85%respectively,while maintaining superior visual quality compared to Catalan based Steganography,FNNS,and RoSteALS.Additionally,our algorithm demonstrates robustness against StegExpose steganalysis.

关 键 词：图像隐写 鲁棒隐写 JPEG压缩 

分 类 号：TP309.2[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]