论虚假诉讼的查处和防治  

Identification,Handling and Prevention of Fictitious Action

作　　者：谢勇 Xie Yong

机构地区：[1]最高人民法院民事审判第一庭

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第2期150-161,共12页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：虚假诉讼的查处和防治是司法实践面临的难题。认定虚假诉讼应把握捏造案件基本事实这一要件,并以能够决定原告诉讼请求是否成立的要件事实作为案件基本事实。“假离婚”、制造管辖连接点、依据“白合同”起诉一般不应认定为虚假诉讼。对虚假诉讼原告应当驳回诉讼请求,而非驳回起诉,并应处以罚款或拘留、移送犯罪线索。从行为动因看,虚假诉讼可分为虚假确权型、政策套利型、逃废债务型和恶意侵权型四种类型。针对不同类型的虚假诉讼应采取有针对性的措施。探索建立虚假诉讼法定赔偿制度、惩罚性赔偿制度和信用责任制度是防治虚假诉讼的治本之策。The identification and handling of fictitious action is a great challenge in judicial practice.Only when the basic facts are determined fictional,can a fictitious action be identified.The basic facts can only be the facts that can determine whether the plaintiff's claim is established."Fake divorce",creating jurisdiction junction,and prosecuting based on a"white contract"should not be identified as fictitious actions.In fictitious actions,the court should overrule the claims of the plaintiff rather than reject the lawsuit,fine or detain the plaintiffs,and transfer criminal leads to public security organs.From the perspective of behavioral motivations,fictitious actions can be divided into four types:fictitious right confirmation,policy arbitrage,debt evasion,and malicious infringement.Targeted measures should be taken against different types of fictitious actions.Establishing the system and mechanisms about statutory compensation,punitive damages as well as credit liability for fictitious actions is a fundamental strategy for preventing and controlling fictitious actions.

关 键 词：虚假诉讼 要件事实 法定赔偿 惩罚性赔偿 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学] D924.3[政治法律—法学]