中华文化输出与欧亚文化认同——从东亚世界论到欧亚东部世界论  

The Export of Chinese Culture and Its Acceptance in Eastern Eurasia:From“East Asian World Theory”to“Eastern Eurasian World Theory”

作　　者：王素(讲述)[1] 张乐之(整理) Wang Su;Zhang Lezhi

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院、“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台,北京100009 [2]北京外国语大学外国文学研究所,北京100089

出　　处：《国际儒学（中英文）》2024年第1期1-14,183,共15页International Studies on Confucianism

摘　　要：中华自古重文化。文化是治国安邦的基础。古人认为文化就是礼乐教化,即“文德”。孔子以文化论国家兴衰,始创文化史观,而后历代皆行其法。在文化史观的视角下,文化输出尤为重要。“二十五史”与职贡图系统均记载了中国的朝贡体系,其中可见中国与朝鲜、日本之间交通移民的悠久历史。早年日本学者提出“东亚世界论”,认为古代的东亚世界以中国文明为基轴,由“册封体制”维系,并形成“汉字文化圈”。近年日本学者提出“欧亚东部世界论”,将中华文化的影响扩大至欧亚东部世界,并对“东亚世界”只有中国一个中心提出挑战。文化输出伴随着文化认同与接受的过程,这一过程往往包含“变容”的因素,即选择性吸收并使之发生变化。中国历史上最具典型意义的文化输出当属南朝梁武帝时期,以“文德”招徕四夷,盛况空前。中华的文化输出与欧亚的文化认同无疑是双向、互利的。Culture is the foundation of governing a country and ensuring its peace.Ancient Chinese believed that culture was equal to ritual and musical nurture,referred to as“Wen De”(cultivated virtue).Confucius,in contemplating the trajectory of a nation,underscored the pivotal role of culture,thereby establishing a perspective of cultural history that subsequent generations have embraced.From this perspective,cultural export is particularly important.The“Twenty-Five Histories”and the Portraits of Periodical Offering both record the tribute system of ancient China,showing the longstanding history of impartation and emigration from China to Korea and Japan.Early Japanese scholars proposed the“East Asian World Theory,”asserting that the ancient“East Asian World”centered around Chinese civilization,maintained by the“enfeoffment system,”and forming a“Chinese character cultural sphere.”In recent years,Japanese scholars have introduced the“Eastern Eurasian World Theory,”expanding the influence of Chinese culture on the Eastern Eurasia,challenging the idea that the“East Asian World”has only China as its center.Cultural export is accompanied by the process of cultural identity and acceptance,often involving factors of“Variation,”namely selective absorption and alteration.One of the most significant cultural exports in Chinese history is credited to the Emperor Wu of Liang of the Southern Dynasty,who,during his reign,attracted neighbouring nations with his cultivated virtue,creating unprecedented prosperity.The cultural export of China and the cultural acceptance of Eurasia undoubtedly share a mutually beneficial relationship.

关 键 词：文化史观 文化输出 东亚世界论 欧亚东部世界论 变容 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学] K103[历史地理—中国史]