灌水及叶面施氮对晚播小麦产量、品质及光合特性的影响  

Effects of Irrigation and Foliar Nitrogen Application on Yield,Quality and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Late Sowing Wheat

作　　者：徐哲莉 朱伟旗 王立涛 史峰 韦志英 王丽娜 邱红伟 张晓英 李辉利[1] Xu Zheli;Zhu Weiqi;Wang Litao;Shi Feng;Wei Zhiying;Wang Lina;Qiu Hongwei;Zhang Xiaoying;Li Huili(Zhaoxian Experimental Base,Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Zhaoxian 051530,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市农林科学研究院赵县实验基地,河北赵县051530

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第2期139-147,共9页Crops

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划(20326402D)。

摘　　要：针对生产中出现的播期推迟影响小麦正常生长的问题,以春季灌水及叶面喷施氮肥为主要栽培措施,研究其对晚播小麦产量及品质的调控效应。试验采用裂―裂区设计,主区为品种,选用2个强筋小麦“藁优2018”和“师栾02-1”;副区为春季灌水处理,设4个水平,分别为W_(0)(不灌水)、W_(1)(拔节期灌水900 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W_(2)(拔节期和开花期各灌450 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W_(3)(拔节期、开花期和灌浆期均灌水300 m^(3)/hm^(2));副副区为花后10 d叶面喷施氮肥,设3个水平,分别为N_(0)(不喷氮肥)、N_(1)(喷施1%纯氮)、N_(2)(喷施2%纯氮)。结果表明,藁优2018产量高于师栾02-1,后者加工品质整体优于前者。晚播条件下,春季灌水总量相同时,W_(3)处理平均产量最高,为10 430.9 kg/hm^(2),产量表现为W_(3)>W_(2)>W_(1)>W_(0)。与W_(0)相比,开花期和灌浆期灌水显著提高千粒重,平均增幅5.9%。灌浆期叶面施氮显著提高晚播小麦产量和千粒重,平均增产288.8 kg/hm^(2),千粒重提高0.93 g。拔节期灌水提高叶面积指数;开花期灌水可提高旗叶SPAD值和光合速率;灌浆中期W_(3)的SPAD值和光合速率高于其他处理,且差异显著。与W_(0)处理相比,春季灌水降低晚播小麦籽粒加工品质,W_(1)、W_(2)和W_(3)处理使蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉降值均降低。与N_(0)相比,N_(1)和N_(2)处理小麦蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉降值均提高。综上,对于晚播小麦,春季适宜的灌水处理及灌浆初期叶面喷施氮肥可在一定程度上提高产量,改善品质。In response to the problem of delayed sowing date affecting the growth of wheat in production,spring irrigation and foliar nitrogen application were used as the main cultivation measures to study the effects on the yield and quality of late sowing wheat.Using split-split plot design,the main plot was the variety,and two strong gluten cultivars“Gaoyou 2018”and“Shiluan 02-1”were selected.The subplot was the spring irrigation treatment.Four irrigation levels were set:W_(0)(no irrigation),W_(1)(900 m^(3)/ha irrigation at the jointing stage),W_(2)(450 m^(3)/ha irrigation at the jointing stage and flowering stage)W_(3)(irrigation of 300 m^(3)/ha at jointing stage,flowering stage and filling stage).The split-split plot was foliar nitrogen application at ten days after flowering,and three levels were set:N_(0)(no nitrogen fertilizer),N_(1)(1%nitrogen)and N_(2)(2%nitrogen).The results showed that the yield of Gaoyou 2018 was higher than that of Shiluan 02-1,but the processing quality of the latter was generally better than the former.Under late sowing condition,when the total amount of spring irrigation was the same,the average yield of W_(3) was the highest,which was 10430.9 kg/ha,the yield was shown as W_(3)>W_(2)>W_(1)>W_(0).Compared with W_(0),irrigation at the jointing and flowering stage could significantly increase the 1000-grain weight of wheat,with an average increase of 5.9%.Foliar nitrogen application at filling stage can significantly increase the yield and 1000-grain weight of late sowing wheat,with an average increase of 288.8 kg/ha and 0.93 g.Irrigation at jointing stage could increase the LAI.Irrigation at flowering could increase the SPAD and Pn of flag leaves,respectively.The SPAD and Pn of W_(3) at the middle filling stage were higher than the other treatments with significant differences,respectively.Compared with W_(0),spring irrigation reduced the processing quality of late-sowing wheat,W_(1) W_(2),and W_(3) reduced protein contents,wet gluten contents,and sedimentation.Compared with N_(0),N_

关 键 词：晚播 小麦 灌水 叶面施氮 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]