青藏高原青稞品种籽粒外观和品质性状的多样性分析  

Diversity Analysis of Grain Appearance and Quality Traits of Hulless Barley Varieties on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：陈林 姚晓华[1,2] 姚有华 白羿雄 吴昆仑 Chen Lin;Yao Xiaohua;Yao Youhua;Bai Yixiong;Wu Kunlun(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding/Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement/Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省青稞遗传育种重点实验室/国家麦类改良中心青海青稞分中心/青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第2期213-220,共8页Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960427);青海省创新平台建设专项(2022-ZJ-Y01);国家大麦产业技术体系(CARS-05)。

摘　　要：为筛选出具有优良籽粒外观和优异品质的青稞资源,对117份青稞品种的籽粒外观和品质性状进行分析与鉴定评价。结果表明,不同青稞品种籽粒外观和品质性状变异范围均较大,变异系数为2.57%~19.29%,外观性状中,粒宽的变异系数最大(19.29%),千粒重最小(7.63%);品质性状中,支链淀粉的变异系数最大(7.39%),直链淀粉最小(2.57%)。相关性分析表明,千粒重与粒长、粒宽和籽粒面积呈极显著正相关,与籽粒长宽比呈极显著负相关,β-葡聚糖含量与籽粒长宽比呈显著负相关。主成分分析将8个主要性状归为3个主成分,累计贡献率达到85.85%。根据不同分类标准,获得了3种不同类型的聚类结果,在青稞品种籽粒外观性状聚类中类群Ⅱ的12个品种可作为大粒优异种质利用;在青稞品质聚类中类群Ⅰ是高直链淀粉含量和大粒的优异种质资源,类群Ⅱ是高β-葡聚糖和支链淀粉含量的优异种质材料;在青稞品种籽粒外观性状与品质性状聚类的类群Ⅰ中各性状平均值较高,表现较好,在今后品种选育中可作为优异杂交育种亲本。对117份青稞资源综合评价发现,北青6号的籽粒表型和综合品质性状最好。In order to select hulless barley resources with excellent grain appearance and quality,this study analysed and evaluated the grain phenotypic and quality traits of 117 hulless barley varieties.The results showed that the coefficients of variation for both the appearance and quality traits of different barley varieties ranged 2.57%-19.29%.Among phenotypic traits,the coefficient of variation of grain width was the largest(19.29%),and 1000-grain weight was the minimum(7.63%).Among the quality traits,the coefficient of variation of amylopectin was the largest(7.39%),and α-maltotrioe was the minimum(2.57%).The correlation analysis showed that 1000-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with grain length grain,width and area,and negatively correlated with the grain length-width ratio,β-glucan content was negatively correlated with the grain length-width ratio.The principal component analysis classified eight main characteristics into three principal components,with the cumulative contribution rate reached 85.85%.According to different classification standards,three different types of categories analysis were obtained.Among the category of grain appearance traits of hulless barley varieties,12 varieties of the group Ⅱ could be used as excellent resource materials for large grains.In the category analysis of hulless barley quality,group Ⅰ were excellent germplasm resources with highα-maltotrioe contents and large grain size,and group II were excellent germplasm resources with high contents ofβ-glucan and amylopectin.Hulless barley varieties had higher average values of all traits in the group Ⅰ of grain appearance traits and quality traits,and performed better,which had the most potential to cultivate excellent hulless barley varieties.The comprehensive evaluation of 117 hulless barley resources showed that Beiqing 6 had the best grain appearance and comprehensive quality traits.

关 键 词：青稞 籽粒表型性状 品质性状 多样性分析 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]