规训与新生--民国教育革新视域下学生形象塑造与服制变化  

Discipline and Rebirth:Student Image Shaping and Change of Uniform from the Perspective of Educational Innovation in the Republic of China

作　　者：张婕 李正[1] 郑丽虹[1] Zhang Jie;Li Zheng;Zheng Lihong

机构地区：[1]苏州大学艺术学院

出　　处：《艺术设计研究》2024年第2期49-55,共7页Art & Design Research

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金艺术学一般项目“江浙沪高校博物馆馆藏清代苏绣服饰研究”(项目编号:21BG124)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在中国近代社会的变革中,教育革新使学生群体从封建帝制下只为求取功名的书生,转变为中华民族思想觉醒的中坚力量和爱国运动中的关键角色。新教育体制下,学校从体育、智育、德育与美育方面对学生的内在思想与外在形象进行全面的教育重塑。其中,对学生形象的塑造包含了身体规训与服饰制度两个维度。教育部在1912年、1918年、1929年和1937年先后拟定、修正和颁布了统一的学校学生制服规程,对不同年龄、不同学习阶段学生穿着的制服形制加以规范。本文即以近代这一重要的教育革新时期为视角,梳理了民国新教育背景下制定与施行“学生制服规程”的动因、理念及内容,并进一步探讨它对于学生形象塑造及其精神构铸的重要意义,以期对我们今天探索如何结合各地文化特色进行多样性校服设计提供一定的启示。In the transformation of modern Chinese society,educational innovation has transformed the student group from scholars who only sought fame under the feudal monarchy to the backbone of the ideological awakening of the Chinese nation and a key role in the patriotic movement.Under the new education system,schools carry out comprehensive educational reshaping of students'inner thoughts and external images from the aspects of physical education,intellectu-al education,moral education and aesthetic education.Among them,the shaping of students'image includes two dimensions:body discipline and clothing system.The Ministry of Education formulated,revised and promulgated unified school student uniform regulations in 1912,1918,1929 and 1937 to standardize the uniforms worn by students of different ages and different learning stages.This article takes this important period of educational innovation in modern times as a perspective to sort out the motivations,concepts and contents of the formulation and implementation of the"Student Uniform Regulations"under the new education back-ground of the Republic of China,and further explores its role in shaping students'image and spiritual construction significance.To provide some inspiration for us to explore how to combine the cultural characteristics of various school uniform designs today.

关 键 词：教育革新 学生 形象塑造 身体规训 服制变化 

分 类 号：J523[艺术—艺术设计]