普通院校师范毕业生从事教育工作特征及变化分析--基于陕西省普通院校师范毕业生就业创业跟踪调查  

Analysis on the Characteristics and Changes of Educational Work for Ordinary Normal Graduates:Based on the Follow-Up Survey of Employment and Entrepreneurship of Graduates in Shaanxi

作　　者：李运福 Li Yunfu

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学中国西部高等教育评估中心,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（教育学）》2022年第4期145-155,共11页

基　　金：陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题研究年度一般项目“陕西高校教师发展质量评估与改进建议”(2021ND0215),项目负责人:李运福。

摘　　要：优化基础教育教师结构、提升教师质量不能不关注普通院校师范毕业生的发展走向。在就业去向多元化的背景下,了解普通院校师范毕业生就业特征及变化情况对推动师范教育改革有着重要的意义。以陕西省普通院校师范毕业生就业创业跟踪调查数据为基础,对2016届至2019届普通院校师范毕业生从事教育工作特征及变化进行分析发现:普通院校师范毕业生从事教育工作的比例呈上升趋势,师范教育目标达成度有待进一步提升;师范类升学比例趋于稳定;中小学幼儿园及教育局单位的就业比例逐年下降,基础教育产业就业比例逐年上升;薪酬福利待遇、职业发展机会是教育行业就业满意度的明显短板;教育行业就业规范性有待进一步提升等。面对这些特征与变化,提高普通院校师范毕业生从事教育工作质量的对策主要有:高校要重新审视师范教育价值观,创新师范生协同培养模式,加强师范生能力资本的全面开发,提升毕业生职业适应能力;相关行政部门应设定师范毕业生从事教育工作的常模值,发挥评估引导功能,提升普通院校师范毕业生人才培养目标达成度;深入推进卓越教师试点改革成效评估工作,发挥师范教育改革的示范引领作用;强化法律保障,规范教育行业用人机制。用人单位应提高教育行业薪酬福利待遇水平,帮助普通院校师范毕业生做好职业发展规划,提升其就业满意度。Ordinary normal students are the main reserve to optimize the structure of basic education teachers and improve the quality of teachers.Under the background of diversified employment,it is of great significance to understand the employment characteristics and changes of ordinary normal students to promote the reform of normal education.Based on the tracking survey data of employment and entrepreneurship of graduates in Shaanxi,this paper analyzes the employment characteristics and changes of 2016-2019 ordinary normal graduates employed in education.Results show that,the proportion of normal graduates engaged in education is increasing year by year,the highest is 53.60%,and the achievement of normal education goals needs to be further improved;the proportion of domestic enrollment is stable;in the employment of education industry,the employment proportion of primary and secondary school(Education Bureau)is decreasing year by year,the employment proportion of all kinds of education enterprises is increasing year by year;the salary and welfare treatment and career development opportunity satisfaction is the obvious short board of employment satisfaction in education industry;the employment standardization of education industry needs to be further improved.Facing these characteristics and changes,universities should reexamine the values of normal education and expand the cooperative training mode of normal students,and pay attention to the comprehensive development of normal students'ability capital,improve their adaptability to various occupations.The relevant administrative departments should formulate the norm value of normal graduates engaged in education,play the role of evaluation and improve the degree of achievement of normal university graduates'talent training objectives,and further promote the effectiveness evaluation of the pilot reform of outstanding teachers and give full play to the exemplary and leading role of normal education reform,strengthen the legal protection,standardize the employment mechanis

关 键 词：普通院校师范毕业生 就业特征 变化趋势 师范教育改革 

分 类 号：G657.38[文化科学—教育学]