论教育法律关系  

On the Educational Legal Relationship

作　　者：余雅风[1] 姚真 Yu Yafeng;Yao Zhen

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（教育学）》2022年第12期68-77,共10页

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划2018年度国家一般课题“民办学校分类规范的法律制度研究”[BAA180023]。

摘　　要：依法治国背景下,复合型的教育法律关系已取代了计划体制下单一的内部行政关系。从教育领域内部的权利义务关系出发,教育法律关系主要包括教育行政法律关系和教育民事法律关系。教育行政法律关系主要涉及基于教育投入与经费保障形成的行政给付法律关系;基于公立学校校长、教师聘任等形成的行政合同法律关系;基于对学校、教师、学生等的申请进行依法审查形成的行政许可法律关系;基于行政责任追究形成的行政处罚法律关系和行政处分法律关系;基于对教育行政机关、学校等依法实行监督形成的行政监督法律关系等。教育民事法律关系主要涉及基于部分购买教育服务、民办学校聘用教师、公立中小学编外聘用教师等形成的合同法律关系;基于学校教育、管理义务形成的教师和学生人身权保护法律关系;基于知识产权确认、管理、保护和行使等形成的知识产权法律关系等。未来,教育行政法律关系调整应强化平等观念,赋予学校和教师应有的自主权、教育权,保障教育行政决策中公众的知情权,加强柔性执法;通过民事法律关系协调更多的教育管理纠纷;正确认识政府与公立义务教育学校的法律关系,由政府替代承担学生人身损害赔偿责任。基于法律对教育领域调整范围的深入和扩大,政府及学者应思考和研究新产生的教育法律关系,以法典化的目标和要求研究和确立教育法律关系,推进教育法律体系的内部协调与完善。Under the background of ruling the country by law,the compound educational legal relationship has replaced the single internal administrative relationship in the planning system.From the perspective of the relation-ship between rights and obligations within the field of education,educational legal relationship mainly includes the educational administrative legal relationship and the educational civil legal relationship.The educational administra-tive legal relationship mainly involves the legal relationship of administrative payment based on education investment and fund guarantee,the legal relationship of administrative contract based on the appointment of the principals and teachers of public schools,the legal relationship of administrative licensing based on the legal review of the applica-tions of schools,teachers and students,the legal relationship of administrative punishment and administrative sanc-tion based on the investigation of administrative responsibility,the legal relationship of administrative supervision based on the supervision of educational administrative agencies and schools according to law and so on.The educa-tional civil legal relationship mainly involves the legal relationship of contract based on the partial purchase of edu-cational services,the employment of teachers in private schools and the employment of non-staff teachers in public primary and secondary schools,the legal relationship of the personal rights protection of teachers and students based on school education and management obligations,the legal relationship of intellectual property based on the confir-mation,management,protection and exercise of intellectual property rights and so on.The future adjustment of edu-cational administrative legal relationship should strengthen the concept of equality and give schools and teachers their due autonomy and educational rights,protect the public's right to know in educational administrative decision-making,strengthen flexible law enforcement and coordinate more educational management

关 键 词：教育法律关系 教育行政法律关系 教育民事法律关系 权利与义务 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]