民事审判程序中诉前鉴定适用的优化路向  

Optimized Directions for the Application of Pre-litigation Appraisal in Civil Trial Procedures

作　　者：王志刚 曹婷 Wang Zhigang;Cao Ting

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学网络空间安全与信息法学院,重庆400065

出　　处：《南海法学》2024年第2期68-77,共10页The South China Sea Law Journal

摘　　要：传统的先起诉后鉴定的程序设计已无法应对立案登记制背景下的民事司法实践。各级法院已经在民事诉讼实务中进行了不同程度的适用和探索,形成了“诉前鉴定+诉前调解”的纠纷解决模式,并陆续出台了许多相应的指导意见或暂行规定。通过对诉前鉴定对法律属性、法律效力以及其在民事案件中的适用状况进行对比分析发现,尽管诉前鉴定制度赋予了司法鉴定新的生命力且提高了审判质效,但实践中诉前鉴定仍存在诉前鉴定实务指导规定比较杂乱、诉前鉴定实务质证程序与现有民事审查规则冲突、诉前鉴定实务适用程序与立案登记制度冲突、诉前鉴定在民事实务中费用定性与分配不明等问题。对此,可以从建立民事实务中诉前鉴定的统一规范、规范民事实务中诉前鉴定的质证程序、界定民事实务中诉前鉴定案件的审核程序、明确民事实务中诉前鉴定费用的负担原则和完善诉前鉴定费用救助机制等方面对民事审判程序中的诉前鉴定适用进行优化与重构。The traditional program design of prosecution first and identification later cannot cope with the civil judicial practice under the background of case registration system.Courts at all levels have applied and explored it to varying degrees in civil litigation practice,forming a dispute resolution model of"pre-litigation appraisal"+"pre-litigation mediation",and have successively issued many corresponding guidance opinions or interim regulations.Through a comparative analysis of the legal attributes,legal effects and application of pre-litigation identification in civil cases,it was found that although the pre-litigation identification system has given new vitality to judicial identification and improved the quality and efficiency of trials,in practice There are still some problems in the appraisal:the regulations on the guidance of pre-litigation appraisal practice are relatively complicated,the cross-examination procedures of pre-litigation appraisal practice conflict with the existing civil review rules,the conflict between the applicable procedures of pre-litigation appraisal practice and the case registration system,and the characterization and allocation of the fees of pre-litigation appraisal in civil affairs.Unknown issues.In this regard,we can establish unified norms for pre-litigation appraisals in civil affairs,standardize the cross-examination procedures for pre-litigation appraisals in civil affairs,define the review procedures for pre-litigation appraisal cases in civil affairs,and clarify the principle of bearing the costs of pre-litigation appraisals in civil affairs.Optimize and reconstruct the application of pre-litigation appraisal in civil trial procedures in terms of the pre-litigation appraisal fee relief mechanism and other aspects.

关 键 词：民事审判程序 诉前鉴定 司法鉴定 民事诉讼 诉前调解 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]