护士职业暴露和防护情况调查研究  

Investigation and Study on Occupational Exposure and Protection of Nurses

作　　者：洪少妮 张华清[1] 张育理 黄跃兴[1] 陈冰莹 林丽婷 HONG Shaoni;ZHANG Huaqing;ZHANG Yuli;HUANG Yuexing;CHEN Bingying;LIN Liting(Department of Infection,Jinjiang Municipal Hospital,Jinjiang 362200,China)

机构地区：[1]晋江市医院(上海市第六人民医院福建医院)院感科,晋江362200

出　　处：《中国医药指南》2024年第13期142-145,共4页Guide of China Medicine

摘　　要：目的 分析护士职业暴露和防护情况。方法 选取2021年1月至2023年12月晋江市医院182名有职业暴露经历护士开展研究,其中2021年80名,2022年39名,2023年63名,开展回顾性问卷调查,分析职业暴露原因、自我防护情况、针刺伤情况和知晓防护知识情况。结果 182名护士中有142名为针刺伤,占比78.02%,有40名为其他,占比21.98%,年人均刺伤次数为1.52次,针总刺伤名数为216次,出现刺伤后有92.00%报告,低于100%报告率;182名护士总暴露次数为284次,常见职业暴露原因有90人次操作不规范/个人疏忽,占比31.69%,有64人次从橡皮或其他阻体中拔出针头,占比22.54%,有29人次在输液、采血时被刺伤,占比10.21%;实施标准预防措施情况:实施率较高的标准预防护措施有用锐器盒存放废弃针头、锐器利器刺伤后从远心端向近心端边挤血边流动水冲洗5 min后彻底消毒和采取消毒剂消毒处理被患者体液/血液污染的物品等;标准化防范策略实施后的职业暴露比率低于标准化防范策略实施前(P <0.05);防护知识来源:182名护士中93名为外出培训班学习交流,占比51.10%,37名为学校教育,占比20.33%,121名为院内学习培训,占比66.92%,84名为同事间交流,占比46.15%,93名为工作经验,占比51.10%。结论 护士工作时可能出现职业暴露,原因较多,应加强自我防护意识,采取适宜预防措施,维护自身安全。Objective To analyze the occupational exposure and protection of nurses.Methods A total of 182 nurses with occupational exposure from January 2021 to December 2023,including 80 in 2021,39 in 2022 and 63,conducted retrospective questionnaire survey to analyze the causes of occupational exposure,self-protection,needle injury and knowledge of protection.Results There were 142 needlestick injuries among 182 nurses,accounting for 78.02%,there are 40 people named as others,for 21.98%,the number of stabbing injuries per person was 1.52,the total number of needle stab injuries was 216,and 92.00% were reported after developing stab wounds,obviously lower than the 100% reporting rate;The total number of exposure for 182 nurses was 284,common occupational exposure reasons include 90 people with non-standard operation/personal negligence,for 31.69%,64 people pulled the needle from the rubber or other block,for 22.54%,twenty-nine people were stabbed during the infusion and blood collection,for 10.21%;Implementation of standard preventive measures:the standard preventive care measures with high implementation rate are useful in the sharp box for storing discarded needles,sharp tool stabbing and flowing water from the distal heart end to the near heart end for 5min,after thorough disinfection and disinfectant disinfection to treat the items contaminated by the patient's body fluid/blood;The occupational exposure ratio after the implementation of the standardized prevention strategy was significantly lower than that before the implementation of the standardized prevention strategy(P<0.05);Source of knowledge of protection:93 of 182 nurses are outside training courses,for 51.10%,37 are for school education,for 20.33%,121 for the hospital learning and training,for 66.92%,84 for communication among colleagues,for 46.15%,93for the work experience,for 51.10%.Conclusions Nurses may have occupational exposure for many reasons.They should strengthen their selfprotection awareness and take appropriate preventive measures to maintain thei

关 键 词：护士 职业暴露 标准预防 自我防护意识 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R192.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]