中草药烟熏对西方蜜蜂抗氧化酶、解毒酶活性及其基因表达的影响  

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine smoking on antioxidant enzymes,detoxification enzymes activity,and gene expression in western honeybee(Apis mellifera)

作　　者：杨晨 颜幸超 江武军 胡景华 史莹 黄张宁庆 何旭江[1] YANG Chen;YAN Xingchao;JIANG Wujun;HU Jinghua;SHI Ying;HUANG Zhangningqing;HE Xujiang(Institute of Honeybee,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Institute of Honeybee of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330052,China;Rural Bureau of Wuning County,Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province,Jiujiang,Jiangxi 332300,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省养蜂研究所,江西南昌330052 [3]江西省九江市武宁县农业农村局,江西九江332300

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2024年第2期456-466,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1600202);国家自然科学基金项目(32160815);江西省主要学术学科与技术带头人项目(20204BCJL23041)。

摘　　要：【目的】蜜蜂疾病是影响养蜂业发展的重要因素之一,可显著降低蜂群繁殖速度、蜂产品产量和品质,甚至造成蜜蜂大量死亡。旨在研究中草药烟熏对蜜蜂的抗氧化能力和解毒能力的影响,进而探究中草药烟熏对蜜蜂的影响,为探寻新型蜜蜂病虫害绿色防控方式提供科学依据。【方法】以西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)为研究对象,选用1260只健康1日龄西方蜜蜂工蜂,随机分成6组,每组3个生物学重复,每个重复70只蜜蜂。使用干稻草(对照组)、艾草、蒲公英、虎杖、忍冬藤、板蓝根6种干草作为烟熏燃料,从2日龄开始烟熏,每48 h烟熏1次。每天记录各组蜜蜂死亡率,第14天烟熏6 h后分别测定各组抗氧化酶活性和解毒酶活性,以及相关免疫基因和解毒基因表达。【结果】与对照组相比,中草药烟熏显著改变健康蜜蜂的存活率、抗氧化酶活性和解毒酶活性。蒲公英组的存活率显著降低(P<0.05),但其他组蜜蜂的存活率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,艾草组、蒲公英组和板蓝根组超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);艾草组、蒲公英组、忍冬藤组过氧化物酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);蒲公英组、虎杖组总抗氧化酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);艾草组、板蓝根组谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);艾草组、蒲公英组、虎杖组乙酰胆碱酯酶活性显著升高;艾草组细胞色素P450活性显著升高(P<0.05)。对照组羧酸酯酶活性与中草药烟熏处理组无显著影响(P>0.05)。此外,艾草组显著上调Vg、Defensin2、AmNOS和PTP-99A基因表达(P<0.05)。【结论】以艾草、蒲公英、虎杖、忍冬藤、板蓝根作为烟熏燃料,可显著提高蜜蜂机体抗氧化和解毒能力,其中艾草对提高蜜蜂抗氧化酶和解毒酶活性以及免疫和解毒相关基因表达量的效果最佳。因此,利用中草药作蜜蜂烟熏材料在提高蜜蜂抵抗力的同时,不增加劳动力成�[Objective]As a significant hindrance to beekeeping industry,honeybee diseases can decrease the reproductive rate of colonies,the quality and yield of bee products,and even potentially causing colony loss.This study aims to study the effects of herbal fumigation on the antioxidant and detoxification capacity of honeybees,thus providing a scientific basis for exploring new green prevention and control techniques for honey bee pests and diseases.[Method]The west honeybees(Apis mellifera)were used as experimental materials,a total of 1260 healthy one-day-old worker honeybees were randomly divided into 6 groups,each group had three biological replicates,consisting of 70 honeybees per biological replicate.A large amount of smoke was generated using straw(control group),Artemisia argyi,Taraxacum mongolicum Hand,Reynoutria japonica Houtt,Lonicera japonica Thunb,and Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus.Smoke was administered once every other day from the 2nd day after emerging.Each group’s daily mortality rate was recorded.The antioxidant enzyme,detoxification enzyme activity,related immune and detoxification gene expressio were measured after exposing them to Chinese herbal smoke for 6 hours a day for 14 days.[Result]The experiment revealed that the Chinese herbal smoking had a significant impact on the survival rate,the antioxidant enzyme and detoxification enzyme activities of the healthy honeybees.The Taraxacum mongolicum Hand group had a significantly reduced survival rate in comparison with that of the control group(P<0.05),whereas there was no significant difference between the control group and other Chinese herbal groups(P>0.05).The Artemisia argyi,Taraxacum mongolicum Hand and Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus groups exhibited significantly increased activities of Super Oxidase Dimutase in comparison with that of the control group(P<0.05).The Peroxidase activities of the Artemisia argyi,Taraxacum mongolicum Hand and Lonicera japonica Thunb groups were also significantly increased compared with that of the control group(P<0.05).

关 键 词：西方蜜蜂 中草药 烟熏 抗氧化酶 解毒酶 免疫基因 解毒基因 

分 类 号：S894[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]