论法国现代美学的缘起与体系性——基于文献的再整理  

The Origin and System of Modern French Aesthetics:A Reinvestigation Based on the Literature

作　　者：张颖[1,2] Zhang Ying

机构地区：[1]中国艺术研究院 [2]北京大学美学与美育研究中心,北京100012

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（美学）》2022年第6期50-60,共11页Aesthetics

摘　　要：法国现代美学属于一种古典主义美学体系。在17世纪的现代民族国家法兰西大力发展古典主义文化中成型,牢据现代欧洲普通知识核心区。鲍姆嘉通提出“埃斯特惕卡”学科设想后,美学学科在至少半个世纪里遭到法国知识界整体抵制。在德国美学成就的强大压力下,法国美学从19世纪开始自觉展开学科化探索,既吸纳德国古典美学,又回归并发扬自身的“美之学”传统。这一学科化进程经实证主义渗透后发生质变,专注于艺术“事实”的科学实证美学越来越远离形而上的“美之学”,古典主义逐渐淡出历史舞台。通过整理此期主要美学家及其代表性文献名目,呈现其彼此之间层累与呼应的密切相关性,可以看到,法国古典主义美学体系呈现出起源、成熟与衰朽的生命历程。拜泽尔力主后康德时代的美学回归从莱布尼茨到莱辛的审美理性主义传统;我们发现,法国古典主义现代美学与这一传统之间有亲缘关系。这提示我们,“民族美学”视角的引入,或许能够给美学通史增补新观念,灌注新活力。Modern French aesthetics can be identified as a classicist aesthetic system.As a modern nation-state,France developed its own classicist culture during the 17th century,which then dominated the general knowl-edge in Europe.Baumgarton's proposal of aesthetica was followed by a half-century resistance against the discipline of aesthetics among the French intellectual circles.However,pushed by the German achievements in aesthetics,French aesthetics began its disciplinary exploration from the 19th century.On the one hand,it assimilated the German classical aesthetics.On the other,it returned to and carried forward its own tradition,that is,the science of the beauti-ful.This disciplinary process has undergone a qualitative transformation thanks to the engagement of positivism.By sorting out the representative works of the main estheticians during this period,this article shows the ways in which they connect to one another intertextually.Frederick C.Beiser advocates the return to Leibniz and Lessing's tradition of rationalist aesthetics,to which French classicist modern aesthetics is related.This reminds us that the introduction of the perspective of"national aesthetics"may reanimate the universal history of aesthetics and add new dimensions thereof.

关 键 词：法国美学 古典主义 美之学 

分 类 号：B83-0[哲学宗教—美学]