过盈配合工况下收缩管吸能特性分析及结构参数优化  

Analysis of energy absorption characteristics of shrink tube and optimization of structural parameters under interference fit condition

作　　者：许平[1,2] 杨雨晖 阳程星 邢杰 姚曙光[1,2] 邹帆 XU Ping;YANG Yuhui;YANG Chengxing;XING Jie;YAO Shuguang;ZOU Fan(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第4期1677-1689,共13页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(2021YFB3703801);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ40619,2023JJ20074);长沙市自然科学基金资助项目(kq2202102);湖南省科技领军人才计划(2019RS3018);中国科协青年人才托举工程(2022QNRC001)。

摘　　要：轨道车辆收缩管在轴向冲击载荷及过盈配合下的吸能特性是吸能结构研究中的重要课题,其吸能过程依靠收缩管与锥形衬套之间的摩擦做工及收缩管的塑性变形实现,过盈配合通过影响收缩管与衬套间的接触力提高收缩管的能量耗散。为提高收缩管的吸能特性,研究过盈配合对吸能能力的影响,采用试验与有限元模型相结合的方法,基于多目标优化算法获取包括过盈量在内的收缩管最优结构参数。进行空心轴与轴套过盈静压试验,验证接触力理论公式的正确性;利用台车冲击试验研究收缩管碰撞过程中的吸能特性,构建有限元模型进行验证;推导过盈配合条件下收缩管接触表面压力的理论模型;使用全因子和Hammersley设计方法对过盈配合工况下收缩管结构参数进行研究,包括厚度(T)、过盈量(I_(ntf))、锥角长边(α_(x))和收缩比(R_(atio))。基于此,利用移动最小二乘法(MLSM)构建峰值力(PCF)、比吸能(SEA)和平均力(MCF)的近似模型。主效应分析表明,收缩比对PCF、SEA和MCF的影响最为显著。以获取最小PCF、最大SEA以及MCF最接近设计要求650 kN为优化目标,进行全局响应面(GRSM)优化,获得最优结构配置,与初始设计相比,SEA提高28.54%,PCF降低12.37%。代理模型最优解得出的MCF与有限元模型误差为2.01%,证明构建的代理模型具有较高的精度,可用于优化计算。优化后的结构有效提高了收缩管的吸能能力,降低了碰撞的初始峰值力。The energy-absorbing characteristics of rail vehicle shrink tubes under axial impact load and interference fit are important topics in the research of energy-absorbing structures.The energy absorption process was realized by the friction between them and the plastic deformation of the shrink tube.The interference fit improved the energy dissipation of the shrink tube by influencing the contact force.In order to improve the energy absorption characteristics of the shrink tube,the influence of the interference fit was studied.The optimal structural parameters of the shrink tube,including the interference amount,were obtained based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm using a combination of experiments and finite element models.First,the static pressure test of the interference fit between the hollow shaft and the sleeve was carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical formula.Afterwards,the trolley impact test was used to study the energy absorption characteristics of the shrink tube,and finite element model was constructed for verification.The theoretical model of the shrink tube contact pressure under interference fit was deduced.Then,the full factorial and Hammersley design methods were used to study structural variables,including thickness(T),interference(I_(ntf)),taper angle long side(α_(x)),and shrink ratio(R_(atio)).Based on above results,approximate models of peak force(PCF),specific energy absorption(SEA)and mean force(MCF)were constructed using moving least squares method(MLSM).The main effect analysis showed that the shrink ratio had the most significant influence on PCF,SEA and MCF.To obtain the minimum PCF,the maximum SEA and the MCF closest to the design requirement of 650 kN as the optimization goal,the global response surface method(GRSM)was used for optimization.Finally,the optimal configuration was obtained.Compared with the initial design,the SEA increased by 28.54%,and the PCF decreased by 12.37%.The error between the MCF obtained from the surrogate model and the finite eleme

关 键 词：收缩管 过盈配合 耐撞性设计 结构参数分析 多目标优化 

分 类 号：U270.3[机械工程—车辆工程]