22份紫山药种质资源的鉴定与评价  

Identification and analyses of 22 purple yam germplasm resources

作　　者：陈阳[1] 林永胜[1] 李金贵 CHEN Yang;LIN Yongsheng;LI Jingui(Crop Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;Yingshan Precious Yam Farmers′Cooperative of Dehua County,Dehua,Fujian 362500,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院作物研究所,福建福州350003 [2]德化县英山珍贵淮山农民合作社,福建德化362500

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2024年第1期23-29,共7页Subtropical Agriculture Research

基　　金：福建省科技计划星火项目“紫山药引进筛选与山地种植技术研究”(2022S0043);福建省科技计划省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项“棒桩薯等地方特色山药资源保护鉴定与评价”(2022R1034002)。

摘　　要：[目的]筛选出高产、抗病、优质的紫山药地方种质资源,以期为其开发和品种改良提供依据。[方法]以22份紫山药种质资源为材料,综合考察产量、农艺性状、抗病性及商品性,并对农艺性状进行统计分析及相关性分析,明确紫山药产量形成的主要因子。[结果]22份紫山药种质的农艺性状差异明显,7个主要农艺性状的变异系数在7.83%~52.78%之间,遗传多样性极为丰富。相关性分析表明,块茎质量与块茎长、块茎横径、叶长、叶宽呈极显著正相关。抗病性分析表明,22份紫山药种质的炭疽病田间抗性存在较大差异,一半种质不抗炭疽病。[结论]南昌紫山药、贵港紫山药和紫玉淮山综合表现较好,产量均超过30000 kg·hm^(-2),抗炭疽病、口感好、商品性佳,适宜进一步推广。[Purpose]Local germplasm resources of purple yam with high yield,disease resistance,and high quality was screened to provide a basis for development and variety improvement.[Method]The yield,agronomic traits,disease resistance,and commercializing ability of 22 purple yam germplasm resources were investigated.Statistical and correlation analyses of agronomic traits were identified,and key factors of yield were determined.[Result]There were significant differences of agronomic traits among purple yam tested,and the coefficients of variation for the seven main agronomic traits ranged from 7.83%to 52.78%.Genetic diversity among the 22 purple yam germplasm resources was extremely high.Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among tuber mass,tuber length,tuber diameter,leaf length,and leaf width.Disease resistance analysis showed that there were significant differences in the field resistance of 22 purple yam germplasm to anthrax,and half of them were not resistant to anthrax.[Conclusion]Nanchang purple yam,Guigang purple yam,and Ziyu Huaishan performed well,with an output of more than 30000 kg·hm^(-2).They were resistant to anthrax,had a good taste,and had good commercial properties,suitable for further promotion.

关 键 词：紫山药 种质资源 农艺性状 鉴定 

分 类 号：S632.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]