风味剂对未成年圈养大熊猫摄食竹叶的影响  

Effect of a Flavor Agent on Bamboo Leaves Ingested by Captive Juvenile Giant Pandas

作　　者：鲜义坤[1] 黄山 刘张育 徐亚琳 黄明亚 邹文勇 武伟 曾文 钟红宇 刘娟 魏明 黄润 李果 马黎民 张贵权 XIAN Yikun;HUANG Shan;LIU Zhangyu;XU Yalin;HUANG Mingya;ZOU Wenyong;WU Wei;ZENG Wen;ZHONG Hongyu;LIU Juan;WEI Ming;HUANG Run;LI Guo;MA Limin;ZHANG Guiquan(Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences,Chengdu,610041,China;Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park,Chengdu,611830,China;China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda,Chengdu,611830,China;Dadihank Biotech Corp.,Chengdu,611130,China;Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center for Animal Feeding Regulation,Chengdu,611130,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,611130,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University,Jilin,132109,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,130118,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省自然资源科学研究院,成都610041 [2]大熊猫国家公园珍稀动物保护生物学国家林业和草原局重点实验室,成都611830 [3]中国大熊猫保护研究中心,成都611830 [4]成都大帝汉克生物科技有限公司,成都611130 [5]四川省动物采食调控工程技术研究中心,成都611130 [6]四川农业大学动物医学院,成都611130 [7]吉林农业科技学院中药学院,吉林132109 [8]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,长春130118

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第2期276-290,共15页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：大熊猫国际合作资金项目(林护发[2017]115号);四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2019YFS0462)。

摘　　要：为了探究未成年圈养大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)选择性摄食的风味机制,根据未成年圈养大熊猫摄食行为特点、熟悉的食物香气和喜欢的食物味道,自主研制出一种未成年圈养大熊猫的专用风味剂。经专业人员的嗅感和口感品评,该风味剂可以改善未成年圈养大熊猫所食竹叶的主要气味和味道。2022年6月—2023年3月,用刺黑竹(Chimonobambusa purpurea)、斑苦竹(Pleioblastus maculatus)、金佛山方竹(Chimonobambusa utilis)和八月竹(Ch.szechuanensis)的竹叶饲喂7只(3,4♀)1.5岁段(15~20月龄)圈养大熊猫幼仔、6只(2,4♀)2.5岁段(27~30月龄)和6只(3,3♀)4.0岁段(45~52月龄)圈养大熊猫亚成体。试验组竹叶喷雾风味剂,对照组竹叶不喷。试验期间,每天早饲和午饲时段各进行30 min的饲喂试验并相互交换两组竹叶所放位置。通过未成年圈养大熊猫的自由选择摄食试验及其摄食过程的录像回放,观测试验组和对照组竹叶的摄食先后顺序、最长连续摄食时间、摄食总时长、摄食竹枝数量和竹叶摄食量。结果表明:(1)风味剂可显著提升1.5岁段受试大熊猫幼仔最先摄食次数的占比;(2)风味剂可显著增加1.5岁段和2.5岁段受试未成年大熊猫摄食竹叶的最长连续摄食时间,平均增加率分别为339.32%和102.59%;(3)风味剂可显著增加1.5岁段和2.5岁段受试未成年大熊猫摄食竹叶的总时长,平均增加率分别为310.45%和129.91%;(4)风味剂可显著提高1.5岁段、2.5岁段和4.0岁段受试未成年大熊猫摄食竹枝数量,平均增食率分别为186.20%、80.87%和103.12%;(5)风味剂可显著提高1.5岁段、2.5岁段和4.0岁段受试未成年大熊猫摄食竹叶量,平均增食率分别为154.21%、118.02%和109.77%。因此,专用风味剂可以增强竹叶对未成年圈养大熊猫的诱食性,具有显著的增食竹叶效果。In order to explore the flavor mechanism of selective ingestion by captive juvenile giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca),a special flavor agent was independently studied and developed for captive juvenile giant pandas,according to the ingestive behavior characteristics,familiar food aroma and favorite food taste of captive juvenile giant pandas.Through the olfactory and gustatory evaluations by professionals,the flavor agent could improve the main odors and tastes of bamboo leaves.From June 2022 to March 2023,the bamboo leaves of Chimonobambusa purpurea,Pleioblastus maculatus,Chimonobambusa utilis and Ch.szechuanensis were fed to seven about 1.5-year-old captive giant panda cubs(three males and four females),six about 2.5-year-old(two males and four females)and six about 4.0-year-old subadult captive giant pandas(three males and three females).Only the test group’s bamboo leaves were sprayed with the flavor agent,but not the control group.During each morning and mid-day feeding time,the feeding test was carried out for 30 minutes,and the placement of two different groups of bamboo leaves were swoppted.The sequences ingested the test group’s bamboo leaves and control group’s bamboo leaves,maximum continuous ingesting time,total ingesting time,the number of ingested bamboo branches and bamboo leaf intakes were quantified through free choice ingestion tests of the captive juvenile giant pandas and video replays of their ingestion processes.The results showed that:(1)The flavor agent could significantly increase the proportion of first ingestion times of the 1.5-year-old giant panda cubs.(2)The flavor agent could significantly increase the maximum of continuous ingesting time of the 1.5-year-old and 2.5-year-old juvenile giant pandas,and the averaged increase rate was 339.32% and 102.59%,respectively.(3)The flavor agent could significantly increase total ingesting time of bamboo leaves by 1.5-year-old and 2.5-year-old tested juvenile giant pandas,and the averaged increase rate was 310.45% and 129.91%,respective

关 键 词：大熊猫 未成年 风味剂 竹叶 嗅感品评 口感品评 饲喂效果 

分 类 号：S864.4[农业科学—野生动物驯养]