伦理困境中的黄金法则何以可能  

How is the Golden Rule Possible in Ethical Dilemma

作　　者：马梁英 Ma Liangying

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100080

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2024年第2期144-152,F0003,180,共11页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“宗教和灵性心理学的跨学科研究”(20BZJ004)。

摘　　要：亲缘、国家、种族等将人类划分成了不同群体,使行动者往往只维护自身和群体成员的利益与道德形象,践行着有限度的道德准则。然而,作为理想社会的基石,“黄金法则”要求设身处地为他人着想,强调突破边界的道德力量。以黄金法则求同存异的一致性要求为起点,道德心理学提供了当下实现黄金法则的可能路径。但相关实验结果表明,有限的认知资源与情感直觉的驱动,对人们的道德判断与行为构成威胁,并与自我控制和理性推理的约束力量形成对抗,构成黄金法则的日常危机。而通过打破自我中心主义的道德教育,拓展社会群体边界的道德认同,塑造超越族群身份的认同方案,人们有望走出实验室,更为自主地构建广阔的道德关怀圈,推动公正而平等的人类命运共同体的构建。The contemporary world is divided into different groups based on factors such as kinship,nationality,and race,leading individuals to prioritize their interests and moral image within these groups,often adhering to limited ethical standards.However,the universal moral principle of the Golden Rule emphasizes the moral power of transcending these boundaries.Starting with the requirement of consistency in the Golden Rule,this study examines empirical evidence from moral psychology and explores potential approaches to actualize the Golden Rule in today’s context.The study reveals that limited cognitive resources and the influence of emotional intuition pose threats to people’s moral judgments and behaviors,challenging the constraints of self-control and rational reasoning.Moral education aimed at overcoming self-centeredness and expanding moral identity beyond social group boundaries can empower individuals to construct a broader circle of moral concern and advance the realization of a just and equal human community.

关 键 词：黄金法则 伦理困境 日常危机 道德心理学 社会认同 

分 类 号：B82-05[哲学宗教—伦理学]