美国人才表彰奖励制度及其特征  

Talent Commendation and Reward System and Its Characteristics in the United States

作　　者：张琼 徐维 Zhang Qiong;Xu Wei

机构地区：[1]中国人事科学研究院绩效管理与考核奖惩研究室

出　　处：《中国人事科学》2024年第3期55-62,共8页Chinese Personnel Science

摘　　要：美国十分重视以人才表彰奖励促进科技和社会发展,其人才表彰奖励项目数量众多、类型丰富、国际影响力大,成为吸引和凝聚全球人才的重要手段。美国人才表彰奖励的主要特征包括:没有统筹管理表彰奖励项目的独立政府机构,奖励项目独立设置,自主性强,不存在从国家到各州市县的奖励等级层次的递进关系;设奖主体多样且数量众多,除政府外,还有研究机构、学术团体、行业协会、基金会、慈善组织、高校等非营利性组织以及私营企业、个人等社会力量;奖项涉及领域广泛,涵盖科技、文教、医疗、法律、管理和研究等领域;项目资金来源多元,即使是政府开展的人才表彰奖励项目也接受社会资助;奖励对象覆盖全面、分类细致、重点突出;评审程序简单独立,申报、评审等运行机制较为简捷,可为我国完善人才表彰奖励制度提供一定的参考和借鉴。The United States attaches great importance to promoting technology and social development through talent commendation and reward.Its talent commendation and reward programs are numerous and diverse,have a great international infl uence,are becoming an important means of attracting and consolidating global talents.The main characteristics of talent commendation and reward in the United States include the follows:there is no independent government agency to coordinate and manage commendation and reward programs,and reward programs are independently set by various social forces with strong autonomy,so there is no progressive relationship between reward levels from the country to each state,city,and county;there are diverse and numerous award setting subjects,including research institutions,academic organizations,industry associations,foundations,charitable organizations,universities and other non-profi t organizations,as well as private enterprises,individuals and other social forces,in addition to the government;the awards cover a wide range of fi elds,including technology,education,healthcare,law,management,and research;the funding sources for programs are diverse,and even government initiated talent commendation and reward programs also receive social funding;the reward recipients cover a comprehensive range,are classified in detail,and have prominent priorities;the evaluation process is simple and independent,and the operating mechanisms for application and evaluation are relatively simple,which can provide a certain reference and inspiration for improving talent commendation and reward in China.

关 键 词：人才表彰奖励 设奖主体 奖励对象 评审机制 

分 类 号：C96[经济管理—人力资源管理]