“范”与“失范”:情境性旅游伦理感知中的社会主张与个人建构  

“Paradigm” and “Anomie”:Social Consensus and Personal Construction in Contextual Tourism Ethics Perception

作　　者：闫子龙 谢彦君 YAN Zilong;XIE Yanjun(College of International Tourism and Public Administration,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Tourism Experience Research&Design Center of Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学国际旅游与公共管理学院 [2]海南大学旅游体验研究与设计中心

出　　处：《旅游科学》2024年第4期15-37,共23页Tourism Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“旅游场中的仪式:地方性视角的西藏民族文化旅游体验研究”(41771165);“海南自由贸易港国际旅游消费中心建设路径”(72041027)。

摘　　要：文章从旅游活动中的旅游行为失范现象切入,研究具体情境中旅游伦理感知的作用机制,从概念辨析、逻辑思辨和科学实证等不同进路对情景化旅游伦理感知及其对旅游者行为的影响机制进行了考察。研究结果表明:旅游伦理感知的作用机制是一种体验动机导向的主观建构。社会层面的旅游伦理是一种共识性的伦理理型,其作用机制有赖于旅游者在伦理的情境性感知基础上所形成的个人建构结果。个体对于情景化旅游伦理的感知建构是一个体验导向的主观选择过程,此过程不仅受到客观层面建构障碍的阻遏,还与旅游者主观层面的建构过程相关,二者的交互作用共同发生于旅游情境当中,从而使旅游者的伦理建构往往呈现某种遮蔽现象,进而导致旅游者行为呈现失范倾向,甚至出现旅游交往的社会情境因不伦扰动而失序的情况。为此,文章根据建构障碍和建构过程在主客观层面的不同影响,将旅游行为失范进一步划分为伦理失察与伦理僭越两大类型,并据以辨析不同旅游行为失范背后的成因差异,为纾解或消除旅游行为失范提供理论参考,以期进一步丰富旅游伦理领域的相关研究。This paper starts from the phenomenon of anomie of tourism behavior in tourism activities,studies the mechanism of tourism ethics perception,and investigates the mechanism of tourism ethics perception in specific tourism situation,and examines the mechanism of situational tourism ethics perception and its impact on tourist behavior through different approaches such as conceptual analysis,logical speculation and scientific empirical evidence.The results show that the mechanism of action of contextual tourism ethics perception is a subjective construction oriented by experiential motivation.Tourism ethics at the social level is a kind of common ethical form,and its mechanism of action depends on the personal construction results formed by tourists on the basis of ethical contextual perception.The individual's perception construction of contextual tourism ethics is an experienceoriented subjective selection process.This process is not only hindered by the construction obstacles brought about by the off-site and temporary characteristics of tourism activities at the objective level,but also based on the subjective level of tourists' desire for experience.The construction process is related,and the interaction of the two occurs together in the tourism situation,so that the ethical construction of tourists often presents a certain occlusion phenomenon,which in turn leads to the tourism behavior showing anomie tendencies,and even the social contextuality of tourism communication will appear disordered due to disturbances.Therefore,according to the different influences of construction obstacles and construction processes at the subjective and objective levels,this paper further divides tourism behavior anomie into two types:ethical oversight and ethical transgression,and analyzes the differences in the causes behind different tourism behavior anomie,in order to relieve or eliminate tourism behavior anomie.It provides theoretical reference in order to further enrich the research on tourism ethics.

关 键 词：情景化旅游伦理 体验导向 主观建构 旅游行为失范 旅游者行为 

分 类 号：B82-053[哲学宗教—伦理学]