济南市柴油型移动源排放颗粒物中碳组分特征和排放量估算  

Characteristics and Emission Estimates of Carbon Components in Particulate Matter Emitted from Diesel-type Mobile Sources in Ji’nan

作　　者：张桂芹[1] 王云博 杜琪玥 闫怀忠 李思源 石敬华 刘仕杰 朱文祺 孙友敏[1] ZHANG Guiqin;WANG Yunbo;DU Qiyue;YAN Huaizhong;LI Siyuan;SHI Jinghua;LIU Shijie;ZHU Wenqi;SUN Youmin;无(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Ji’nan 250101,P.R.China;Shandong University of Science and Technology Safety and environmental engineering,Qingdao 266590,P.R.China;Shandong Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Ji’nan 250101,P.R.China;Resources and Environmental Innovation Institute,Shandong Jianzhu University,Ji’nan 250101,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,山东济南250101 [2]山东科技大学安全与环境工程学院,山东青岛266590 [3]山东省生态环境监测中心,山东济南250101 [4]山东建筑大学资源与环境创新研究院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2024年第3期408-417,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目(ZR2020ZD21);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MD013);山东省重点研发计划项目(2020CXGC011401);研究生教育优质课程建设项目(YZKC202214)。

摘　　要：为了识别济南市柴油型移动源排放颗粒物中碳组分特征,采用稀释通道采样器于2021年采集了柴油货车和工程机械尾气排放颗粒物,并对汽油车尾气一并采集对比,分析了尾气排放颗粒物质量浓度和其中的碳组分。结果表明,柴油型移动源排放颗粒物质量浓度明显高于汽油车,且以细颗粒物为主,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)数值几乎接近于1.0,其中柴油货车排放颗粒物质量浓度高于工程机械,且随车型增大排放颗粒物质量浓度增大,重型柴油载货车排放PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)质量浓度最大,分别为4.56×10~4μg·m^(-3)和4.71×10~4μg·m^(-3)。柴油货车PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)排放因子范围分别为8.90-21.8 mg·km^(-1)和9.40-22.5 mg·km^(-1),工程机械中破碎机颗粒物排放因子略大于挖掘机,破碎机PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)排放因子分别为0.12 g·kW^(-1)·h^(-1)和0.14 g·kW^(-1)·h^(-1),挖掘机排放因子分别为0.10 g·kW^(-1)·h^(-1)和0.11 g·kW^(-1)·h^(-1)。碳组分为柴油型移动源排放颗粒物的主要成分,其中工程机械排放总碳(TC)在颗粒物中占比约为66.0%,大于柴油货车的占比41.5%(PM_(2.5))和45.5%(PM_(10))。根据有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)在尾气排放颗粒物占比分析可知,柴油货车排放以OC为主,而工程机械排放EC高且为柴油货车2倍多。汽油车与柴油货车OC中占比最高的碳组分相同,均为OC2,而工程机械为OC1。EC2为柴油型移动源排放EC的主要组分,车型最大的重型柴油载货车排放EC2占比最大,分别为20.7%(PM_(2.5))和21.8%(PM_(10)),但汽油车跟柴油货车不同,EC1为汽油车排放主要碳组分。基于2021年济南市柴油货车和工程机械保有量,对城市柴油型移动源碳组分排放量进行了估算,发现柴油型移动源尾气排放PM_(10)中碳组分排放量高于PM_(2.5),工程机械尾气中碳组分排放量高于柴油货车,因此应加快推进机动车新能源化的发展以及工程机械的清洁化发展。In order to identify the characteristics of carbon components in particulate matter emitted from diesel-type mobile sources in urban areas of Jinan,particulate matter emitted from diesel trucks and construction machinery and exhaust gas emitted from gasoline-type vehicles were collected by a dilution channel sampler in 2021.The particulate matter concentration and carbon composition in exhaust gas were analyzed.The results showed that particulate matter concentrations in diesel-type mobile sources were significantly higher than gasoline-type vehicles,with fine particulate matter concentration being dominant.The value of PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) was close to 1.0,and the concentration of particulate matter in diesel-type mobile sources was higher than that in construction machinery.The mass concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) was elevated with the increase of operation,reaching the highest values in heavy-duty diesel trucks,which were 4.56×10^(-4)μg∙m^(-3) and 4.71×10^(-4)μg∙m^(-3),respectively.The emission factors for PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) from diesel trucks ranged from 8.90 to 21.8 mg∙km^(-1) and 9.40 to 2_(2.5) mg∙km^(-1),respectively.In construction machinery,the particulate emission factor of crushers was slightly higher than that of excavators.Specifically,the emission factors for PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) of crushers were 0.12 g∙kW^(-1)∙h^(-1) and 0.14 g∙kW^(-1)∙h^(-1),respectively.The corresponding emission factors of excavators were 0.10 g∙kW^(-1)∙h^(-1) and 0.11 g∙kW^(-1)∙h^(-1),respectively.Carbon is the main component of particulate matter in diesel-type mobile sources.The proportion of total carbon(TC)in construction machinery was approximately 66.0%,which was higher than that in diesel trucks(41.5%[PM_(2.5)])and 45.5%[PM_(10)]).According to an analysis of the proportions of organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC)in exhaust particulate matter,the emissions of diesel goods vehicles were mainly OC,whereas those of construction machinery were mainly EC,which was more than twice as high

关 键 词：柴油型移动源 碳组分 颗粒物 特征分析 排放量估算 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]