氟喹诺酮类抗生素对淡水微藻的毒性效应研究  

Study on the Toxic Effect of Three Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics on Freshwater Microalgae

作　　者：徐海红 王纯 张肇恒 焦钰珠 孙迎雪[1,2,3] XU Haihong;WANG Chun;ZHANG Zhaoheng;JIAO Yuzhu;SUN Yingxue(School of Ecology and Environment,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China;Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学生态环境学院,北京100048 [2]北京工商大学国家环境保护食品链污染防治重点实验室,北京100048 [3]北京工商大学中国轻工业清洁生产与资源综合利用重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第1期35-42,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0104900);国家自然科学基金项目(22278007);公路交通环境保护技术交通运输行业重点实验室开放课题;设施渔业教育部重点实验室开放课题(202218)。

摘　　要：工农业生产及人类生活使用了大量抗生素及其衍生品,抗生素的大量使用造成严重的环境污染。该研究选取在水环境中检测频率较高、生态风险较大的氧氟沙星(OFL)、环丙沙星(CIP)以及诺氟沙星(NOR)等代表性氟喹诺酮类抗生素为研究对象,以典型原核微藻铜绿微囊藻以及真核藻类斜生栅藻作为受试生物,通过藻细胞密度、叶绿素a以及抗氧化应激水平的变化综合分析喹诺酮类抗生素对铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻的潜在毒性效应及作用机理。结果表明,典型氟喹诺酮类抗生素暴露会显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,各抗生素处理组藻密度下降1~2个数量级,抑制率高达99.37%,同时叶绿素a浓度急剧下降直至低出检测限。氟喹诺酮类抗生素可引发藻细胞产生大量活性氧自由基(ROS),进而引起脂质过氧化。铜绿微囊藻经暴露后,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与对照组相比有着十分显著的升高,丙二醛(MDA)与对照组相较有着显著的降低(P≤0.01)。而氟喹诺酮类抗生素暴露对斜生栅藻则起到促进作用,藻密度随着环丙沙星浓度的升高而增加。处理组SOD的波动水平与对照组差异不显著,但处理组MDA的含量变化与对照组差异显著升高(P≤0.05),斜生栅藻虽受到一定氧化损伤,但其耐受性高于铜绿微囊藻。通过实验对比,对于不同种类的藻细胞而言,斜生栅藻对氟喹诺酮类抗生素的耐受性高于铜绿微囊藻,同种浓度下,斜生栅藻可以通过自身的调节适应环境,而铜绿微囊藻则受到抑制甚至死亡。研究对于同种单一抗生素在相同浓度下对蓝藻和绿藻等不同藻细胞的毒性效应的探究有着重要参考价值。The abuse of antibiotics and their derivatives from industrial and agricultural production and human life leads to serious environmental pollution.In this study,the representative fluoroquinolone antibiotics with high detection frequency and ecological risks in aquatic environments such as ofloxacin(OFL),ciprofloxacin(CIP),and norfloxacin(NOR),were selected as the research subjects and the typical algal blooms,and Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus,was selected as the test organism.The potential toxic effects and mechanisms of quinolone antibiotics on freshwater microalgae were compre-hensively analyzed through changes in algal cell density,chlorophyll a,and antioxidant stress levels.The results showed that exposure to typical fluoroquinolones significantly inhibited the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa.Specifically,the algal density of each antibiotic treatment group decreased by 1~2 orders of magnitude,with an inhibition rate up to 99.37%.In addition,the concentration of chlorophyll a sharply decreases until it reaches below the detection limit.Exposure of fluoroquinolone antibiotics can induce the production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in algae cells,leading to lipid peroxi-dation.After exposure to Microcystis aeruginosa,the superoxide dismutase(SOD)significantly increased while malondialde-hyde(MDA)obviously decreased compared with the control group(P≤0.01).Exposure to fluoroquinolone antibiotics has a promoting effect on Scenedesmus obliquus,where the algal density increases with the increase of ciprofloxacin concentra-tion.The fluctuation level of SOD in the treatment group shows little difference with the control group,however,MDA content in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P≤0.05).At the same time,although Scenedesmus obliquus was subjected to certain oxidative damage,its tolerance was higher than that of Microcystis aeruginosa.By experimental comparison,or different types of algae cells,the tolerance of Scenedesmus obliquus

关 键 词：喹诺酮类抗生素 铜绿微囊藻 斜生栅藻 生长情况 氧化应激 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]