飞行器舱室内壁蛛网仿生薄膜声学超材料设计  

Design of Spider Web Bio-inspired Membrane Acoustic Metamaterials for Aircraft Cabin Walls

作　　者：曹尔泰 延浩 黄河源[1,2] Cao Ertai;Yan Hao;Huang Heyuan(Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Acoustics and Vibration Aviation Technology,Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学,陕西西安710072 [2]中国飞机强度研究所航空声学与振动航空科技重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《航空科学技术》2024年第3期11-19,共9页Aeronautical Science & Technology

基　　金：航空科学基金(20200015053004)。

摘　　要：飞行器舱室内部噪声对乘员及飞行操控和通信构成了显著威胁,薄膜声学超材料(MAM)在满足轻量化要求的同时具有出色的降噪性能,能够满足航空工业领域对降噪和飞行器重量的双重要求。受蛛网启发,本文通过结合膜、框和一组振子设计了一种仿生薄膜声学超材料。计算和试验结果表明,仿生模型的振子质量减少了19%,降噪带宽扩展了61%。此外,本文研究了三种设计参数(薄膜形状、振子位置和模型大小)对结构降噪性能的影响规律,并分析了其多级反共振模态。结果表明,圆形模型在降噪性能上优于两个方形模型。当振子位置在半径比为0.54时,可获得最佳的降噪性能。模型在尺寸减小时仍有较大的降噪效果,但当尺寸增大时有失效的可能。非固定框在2×2阵列模型中有助于形成反共振模态,而在3×3阵列模型中作用则相反。根据不同的频率需求调节设计参数,能够适配于飞行器内部复杂、多变的噪声环境。The internal noise in an aircraft cabin poses a significant threat to passengers as well as flight control and communication.Membrane Acoustic Metamaterials(MAM)exhibit excellent noise reduction properties while fulfilling lightweight requirements,meeting the aviation industry's dual requirements of noise reduction and weight control.Inspired by the spider web,this paper proposed a bio-inspired MAM design,which integrates a membrane,frame,and set of resonators.Computational and experimental results show that the bio-inspired model reduces the resonator mass by 19%and expands the noise reduction bandwidth by 61%.Furthermore,this paper investigated the influence of three design parameters(membrane shape,resonator position,and model size)on the structure's noise reduction performance and analyze its multi-level anti-resonance modes.The results suggest that the round model outperforms the other two square models in noise reduction performance.When the resonator position has a radius ratio of 0.54,it yields the best noise reduction performance.While the model maintains a considerable noise reduction effect when reduced in size,it may fail when the size increases.The free frame contributes to the formation of anti-resonance modes in the 2×2 array model,but has an opposite effect in the 3×3 array model.By adjusting the design parameters according to different frequency requirements,our design can adapt to the complex and changeable noise environment inside the aircraft.

关 键 词：薄膜声学超材料 仿生结构 飞行器降噪 宽频吸声 结构设计 舱内噪声 

分 类 号：V250.3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]