宁夏老年人医疗保健需求情况的影响因素分析  

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Healthcare Demands of Older Adults in Ningxia

作　　者：汤榕[1] 孙玉凤[1] 马小花 李月 杨晓花 马春芳[1] TANG Rong(School of Humanities and Management,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia,750000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏银川750000 [2]宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏银川750000 [3]银川市第一人民医院科教部,宁夏银川750000

出　　处：《医学与社会》2024年第5期18-23,39,共7页Medicine and Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目,编号为71764021;宁夏自然科学基金项目,编号为2023AAC03233。

摘　　要：目的:探讨宁夏老年人医疗保健需求情况的影响因素,为制定老年人医疗保健干预措施提供参考依据。方法:采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,对宁夏60岁及以上的老年人进行现场问卷调查。采用描述性分析和卡方检验等方法对数据进行分析,利用二分类logistic回归模型和BP神经网络模型分析医疗保健需求情况的影响因素。结果:宁夏老年人的自评健康状况、患慢性病情况、健康档案建立情况、健康体检情况、家庭医生签约服务签约情况和居住地是医疗保健需求情况的影响因素。BP神经网络模型结果表明重要性排列前3位的影响因素分别为自评健康状况、患慢性病情况和建立健康档案情况,正态化重要性分别为100.00%、65.20%和36.20%。居住地对医疗保健需求影响的重要性较小,正态化重要性为8.00%。结论:自评健康状况、患慢性病情况和建立健康档案情况对宁夏老年人医疗保健需求情况具有重要影响,应进一步加强老年人的健康筛查以及健康教育力度,切实满足老年人医疗保健需求。Objective:To explore the influencing factors of the healthcare demands of older adults in Ningxia,and to provide a reference basis for the formulation of healthcare interventions for older adults.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted a-mong the elderly aged 60 years and above in Ningxia using multi-stage stratified sampling.Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to analyze the data,and the factors influencing healthcare demand were analyzed by binary logistic regression model and BP neural network model.Results:The self-rated health,chronic diseases,establishment of health records,physical examination,contracted family physician service and permanent residence were factors influencing the healthcare demands of older adults in Ningxia.The results of the BP neural network model showed that the top three influencing factors of importance were self-rated health,chronic diseases and the establishment of health records,with standardization importance of 100.00%,65.20%and 36.20%respectively.The influence of permanent residence on healthcare demands was less important,with the standardization importance of 8.00%.Conclusion:Self-rated health,chronic disease and the establishment of health records have important implications for the healthcare demands of the elderly in Ningxia.Health screening and health education for the elderly should be further strengthened to effectively meet their healthcare demands.

关 键 词：医疗保健需求 影响因素 老年人 宁夏 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]