我国农村老年人成功老龄化现状及影响因素分析  

Current situations and influencing factors of successful aging of the rural elderly in China

作　　者：翟晏一 李润楠 翟文婷 李熹 郝卓亚 徐蕊 邴婧莹 李桐瑶 孙宏[1] ZHAI Yan-yi;LI Run-nan;ZHAI Wen-ting;LI Xi;HAO Zhuo-ya;XU Rui;BING Jing-ying;LI Tong-yao;SUN Hong(School of Health Management,Harbin Medical University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150081,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]淄博市第一医院 [3]康复大学青岛医院(青岛市市立医院) [4]北京大学第三医院 [5]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院 [6]国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/河北中国医学科学院肿瘤医院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第8期1447-1452,1485,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：黑龙江省社科联2014年度黑龙江经济社会发展重点研究课题(0202);2015年黑龙江省高校智库建设。

摘　　要：目的 了解我国农村老年人成功老龄化现状,分析其影响因素。方法 选取2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据中60岁及以上农村老年人作为研究对象,判定同时满足“无重大慢性疾病”、“无抑郁”、“认知和躯体功能良好”、“积极的社会参与”这四个维度为成功老龄化,继而基于社会生态系统理论,采用多因素logistic回归分析农村老年人成功老龄化的影响因素。结果 我国农村老年人成功老龄化率为6.79%。多因素logistic回归结果显示,个人特征层次中的自评健康状况(OR=0.426,95%CI:0.294~0.615)、听力(OR=0.605,95%CI:0.447~0.819)、儿童期健康状况(OR=0.635,95%CI:0.450~0.897)、文化程度(OR=7.571,95%CI:4.091~14.011)、个人年收入(OR=3.422,95%CI:1.952~6.001),个人行为层次中的体育锻炼(OR=0.525,95%CI:0.291~0.948)、每日睡眠时长(OR=0.615,95%CI:0.449~0.843),人际层次中的婚姻状态(OR=0.565,95%CI:0.349~0.917)、子女经济支持(OR=1.427,95%CI:1.053~1.934)、互联网使用(OR=0.469,95%CI:0.271~0.814),社区层次中的生活满意度(OR=0.352,95%CI:0.161~0.769),政策层次中的养老保险(OR=0.491,95%CI:0.245~0.983)是农村老年人实现成功老龄化的影响因素。结论 我国农村老年人成功老龄化实现程度偏低,认知和躯体功能良好、积极的社会参与维度是农村老年人实现成功老龄化的主要短板。Objective To understand the successful aging of the rural elderly in China and analyze its influencing factors.Methods The rural elderly aged 60 and above from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)were selected as the research object,it was determined that successful aging is achieved by simultaneously meeting the four dimensions of"no major chronic diseases","no depression","good cognitive and physical function"and"active social participation".Then multifactor logistic regression was used to analyze the successful aging of the rural elderly based on the social ecosystem theory.Results The successful aging rate of the elderly in rural China was 6.79%.The results of multivariate logistic regression showed,self-rated health status in the hierarchy of personal characteristics(OR=0.426,95%CI:0.294-0.615),hearing(OR=0.605,95%CI:0.447-0.819),childhood health status(OR=0.635,95%CI:0.450-0.897),level of education(OR=7.571,95%CI:4.091-14.011),and personal annual income(OR=3.422,95%CI:1.952-6.001),physical exercise in the individual behavioral hierarchy(OR=0.525,95%CI:0.291-0.948),daily duration of sleep(OR=0.615,95%CI:0.449-0.843),marriage status in the interpersonal level(OR=0.565,95%CI:0.349-0.917),financial support from children(OR=1.427,95%CI:1.053-1.934),internet use(OR=0.469,95%CI:0.271-0.814),life satisfaction at the community level(OR=0.352,95%CI:0.161-0.769),endowment insurance(OR=0.491,95%CI:0.245-0.983)in the policy level both were influencing factors for the successful aging of the elderly people in rural areas.Conclusion The degree of successful aging of the rural elderly in China is low,and good cognitive and physical functions and positive social participation dimensions are the main shortcomings for the successful aging of the rural elderly.

关 键 词：农村 老年人 社会生态系统理论 成功老龄化 影响因素 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]