粤东品清湖表层沉积物有孔虫分布特征及其环境指示意义  

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORAMINIFERS IN THE SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF THE PINQING LAKE IN THE EASTERN GUANGDONG PROVINCE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE

作　　者：张静莹 董旭辉 冼汉标 司子妍 谢欣 杜恕环[3] 李亮芳 伍嘉慧 ZHANG Jingying;DONG Xuhui;XIAN Hanbiao;SI Ziyan;XIE Xin;DU Shuhuan;LI Liangfang;WU Jiahui(School of Geography and Remote Sensing,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006;Center for Climate and Environmental Change,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006;South China Sea Institute of Oceanography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301)

机构地区：[1]广州大学地理科学与遥感学院,广州510006 [2]广州大学气候与环境变化研究中心,广州510006 [3]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广州510301

出　　处：《微体古生物学报》2024年第1期53-64,共12页Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：广州市市校联合项目(编号202201020148);广州大学校内科研项目(编号YJ2023031)共同资助。

摘　　要：有孔虫是海洋环境中一种重要的原生动物,对环境变化响应敏感。潟湖作为海陆交互连接带,生境梯度明显,但目前学术界对此类水体中有孔虫种群的研究报道有限。本文以中国典型潟湖广东省汕尾市品清湖为例,于2021年至2022年间系统调查了该湖不同区域20个采样点的水环境参数(水深、盐度和pH值等)、沉积物的环境特征(粒度和污染物含量等)及有孔虫的群落组成。结果显示品清湖现今水质大部分均为四类或劣四类,活性磷酸盐和无机氮超标严重;重金属Cu、Zn和Hg浓度相对较高,部分区域浓度达到二类标准。该湖表层沉积物中共鉴定出底栖有孔虫15属35种,以玻璃质壳(Hyaline)为主,瓷质壳(Porcelaneous)次之,胶结质(Agglutinated)含量最低,优势属种为Ammonia aomoriensis, Elphidium advenum, Elphidium hispidulum和Spiroloculina laevigata,丰度及分异度呈现西部入海口高,东部低。统计分析结果显示,影响品清湖有孔虫分布的主要环境因子为水深和水体Cu浓度,分别解释了34.2%和14.9%的有孔虫群落信息。研究结果表明Triloculina trigonula和Quinqueloculina seminula等瓷质壳是水深与盐度变化的有效指示物种,而Spiroloculina laevigata和Ammonia annectens则对水深、盐度和重金属Cu均具有显著指示意义。Foraminifera are important protozoa in the marine environment and are sensitive to the environmental changes. Coastal lagoon, as the interconnected zone between the sea and the land, has the obvious habitat gradients.However, there are limited reports on the foraminiferal populations in such a water body currently. This study takes Pinqing Lake, Shanwei City, Guangdong Province, a typical lagoon in China, as a case for the populations' research.From 2021 to 2022, we systematically investigated the water environmental parameters(depth, salinity, pH etc), the sediment characteristics(particle size and contaminant content) and the foraminiferal community composition of 20sampling sites from the lake. Most of the current water quality of the Pinqing Lake is assigned to Category IV standard or worse, with the phosphate and inorganic nitrogen out of standard seriously;the concentrations of heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn and Hg are relatively high, with concentrations in some areas reaching Category II standard. A total of 35species of 15 genera of the benthic foraminifers were identified in the surface sediments of the lake, with the hyaline components being the main species, followed by the porcellaneous and agglutinated ones. The dominant species are Ammonia aomoriensis, Elphidium advenum, Elphidium hispidulum and Spiroloculina laevigata. The abundance and diversity are higher at the western estuary, comparing to the eastern estuary. Statistical analysis shows that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of the foraminifers within the lake are the water depth and Cu concentration, which explain 34.2% and 14.9% of the foraminiferal community variance, respectively. This study suggests that the porcellaneous species, such as Triloculina trigonula and Quinqueloculina seminula, be the effective indicators of water depth and salinity;while, Spiroloculina laevigata and Ammonia annectens are the significant indicators of water depth, salinity and heavy metal Cu concentration.

关 键 词：有孔虫 群落特征 环境因子 指示意义 品清湖 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]