古代哲学的生活向度——福柯论“直言”与犬儒主义  

Ancient Philosophy’s Orientation to Life--Foucault’s View on“Parrhesia”and Cynicism

作　　者：田永炜 TIAN Yongwei

机构地区：[1]南华大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期1-9,共9页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：福柯晚年将研究重心聚焦古代世界,从修身、政治、伦理三个现实维度阐释了“直言”概念,挖掘出“关心自己”的“直言”实践原则。修身直言、政治直言、伦理直言均以话语为载体,古典犬儒主义则将全部生活作为“直言”的场域,整个生命置于危险的境地,延续了“关心自己”的原则。然而,犬儒主义在历史中逐渐走向边缘,被归于真理的反面,声名狼藉的生活成为其标志。显然,福柯并非建构一种新的伦理学,而是开发出古代哲学的生活向度,从而为现代哲学提供现实的研究进路,进而为现代主体探寻摆脱异化的新出路。In Foucault’s later years,he focused on the ancient world,explained the concept of“parrhesia”from the three realistic dimensions of self‑cultivation,politics and ethics,and excavated the practical principle of“epimeleia heautou”of“parrhesia”.The three dimensions are all based on discourse,while classical cynicism regards all life as the field of“parrhesia”,and the whole life has been placed in a dangerous situation,which continues the principle of“epimeleia heautou”.However,cynicism has been gradually marginalized history,relegated to the opposite side of truth,marked by a life of notoriety.Obviously,Foucault does not intend to construct a new ethics,but to re‑develop the life orientation of ancient philosophy,so as to provide a realistic path for modern philosophy research,and then explore a new way for modern subjects to get rid of alienation.

关 键 词：福柯 直言 犬儒主义 生活 

分 类 号：B565.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]