遗嘱模式下居住权的设立与登记  

Creation and Registration of the Right of Habitation under the Testamentary Model

作　　者：王维茗 骆小春[1] WANG Weiming;LUO Xiaochun

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学法政学院

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期50-56,共7页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：以遗嘱方式设立的居住权规则应致力于实现物权法与继承法的衔接。遗嘱设立的居住权产生于遗产物权变动过程中,而遗产物权变动方式素有宣示主义与转移主义之争。遗嘱设立居住权采宣示主义,既符合当然继承主义的继承法基本原则,又能协调居住权的人役性物权规则与区分所有权理论下对所有权分离支配的居住权设立逻辑,具备适用合理性。登记生效主义无法适用于遗嘱设立的居住权,原因在于无法平衡遗产债务的债权人与准居住权人之间的利益冲突,也易于诱发遗产继承人恶意规避居住权登记的道德风险。因居住权设立引发的所有权内部结构变化与原有权利外观的冲突,可以通过合同规范的权利瑕疵担保责任制度来督促房屋出卖方主动告知居住权的存续状况,从而消解因居住权未登记所产生的交易安全顾虑。The rules on the right of habitation established in the form of wills should be devoted to the realization of the connection between property law and inheritance law.The right of habitation created by will arises in the course of a change in the property rights of an estate,and the way of the property right of estate is always the dispute between declarationism and transferism.The establishment of the right of habitation in the will adopts the position of declarative doctrine,which not only conforms to the basic principles of inheritance law of natural succession,but also coordinates the rules of human service property rights of the right of residence and the logic of the establishment of the right of residence under the theory of separation of ownership under the theory of differentiated ownership.The reason why the registration of the right of habitation cannot be applied to the right of habitation established by will is that it is impossible to balance the conflict of interest between the creditors of the estate and the prospective right of habitation,and it is also prone to the moral risk of the heirs of the estate avoiding the registration of the right of habitation in bad faith.The conflict between the internal structure of ownership and the appearance of the original right arising from the creation of a right of habitation can be addressed by a contractual system of liability for defects in rights,which urges the seller of a house to inform the seller of the existence of the right of habitation,thereby eliminating any concerns about the security of the transaction arising from the unregistered right of habitation.

关 键 词：遗嘱 居住权 设立与登记 遗产物权变动 宣示主义 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]