印度“教育科技人才”协同战略——基于中印教育发展数据透视  

India's Synergistic Strategy of"Education,Science,Technology and Talents":Insights from China-India Education Development Data

作　　者：宋佳[1] 张民选[1] SONG Jia;ZHANG Minxuan(Research Institute for International and Comparative Education,Shanghai Normal University,Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 20023)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,教育部“教育大数据与教育决策实验室”,上海200234

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2024年第4期14-24,共11页International and Comparative Education

摘　　要：印度在追求建设“全球知识超级大国”“全球科技大国”“全球领导型大国”的过程中,坚持教育科技人才协同发展路径。在教育方面,印度重视财政投入,优先高等技术教育发展,公私立理工科并重;在科技产业人才储备方面,印度高等教育规模迅速扩大,基础学科与理工科人才比重较大;在人力资本全球化中,印度出国留学规模增长较快,留学后在地就业比例较高,对印度国内经济社会发展产生人力资本回输与技术溢出效应。与此同时,印度“教育科技人才”协同发展的优势与挑战并存。大国博弈的国际环境、国内阶层流动意志和嫁妆制度等都为印度科技人才发展提供了推拉作用,而教育资金不足、基础教育发展滞后、教育国际化程度较低、种族与宗教等社会因素则成为其科技人才发展的制约因素。In the process of seeking"global knowledge superpower""global scientific power""global leadership power",India has insisted on the synergistic development of education,science,technology and talents.In terms of education,India attaches importance to the financial investment,prioritizes the development of higher technical education based on public and private science and technical education;in terms of the reserve of talents in science and technology industry,the scale of higher education is expanding rapidly,and talents in foundational disciplines and science and technology account for a larger proportion;finally,the scale of India's talents studying abroad is growing fast,and the proportion of local employment after studying abroad is higher,which will make positive effects on human capital return and technological spillover on the future economic and social development of the country in the process of talents globalization.At the same time,the advantages and challenges co-exist in India's"education,science,technology and talents"synergistic development The international environment of the great powers game,domestic will of class mobility,the dowry system provide push and pull power for the development of scientific and technological talents,however,the lack of education funds,basic education lagging behind,the low internationalization of education,race and religion discrimination,and other social factors are constraints to the development of India's synergistic development.

关 键 词：印度 教育科技人才 理工科教育 国际教育 

分 类 号：G649.351[文化科学—高等教育学]