“讲述美国故事”的霸权外交叙事模式:解构与批评  

“Telling the American Story”:Deconstruction and Criticism of a Hegemon’s Diplomatic Narrative

作　　者：杨明星[1] 贺康宁 YANG Mingxing;HE Kangning

机构地区：[1]郑州大学中国外交话语研究院/外国语与国际关系学院,郑州450000

出　　处：《国际展望》2024年第3期111-127,157,158,共19页Global Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色大国外交的话语构建、翻译与传播研究”(17ZDA318);国家社科基金专项“马克思主义中国化时代化外交话语体系研究”(22VRC013);教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目“9·11以来美国语言政策与战略规划”(18YJA740109)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：20世纪40年代,美国为塑造其全球大国的话语霸权,启动了“向世界讲述美国故事”的外交战略传播工程。“向世界讲述美国故事”有其特殊的历史动因、发展脉络和叙事模式及策略。研究发现,美国通过整合对外传播资源和先进信息技术,建构了一套服务其国家利益的霸权外交叙事模式,逐渐成长为一个与其综合国力相匹配的国际话语权超级大国。美国为了打造全政府、全社会、全媒体的外交叙事体系,在推动跨部门联动、法制化构建和双轨并行的同时,辅之以故事情节塑造、人物形象凸显、多重视角呈现和数据信息操纵等多元叙事策略。为了打破美国的叙事霸权,维护中国的叙事主权,中国应加快推进“讲好中国故事”的大国外交叙事体系建设,敢于揭露和反制美国对华污名化叙事,不断提升中国的国际话语权。In the 1940s,in order to establish its discourse hegemony as a global power,the United States launched a strategic diplomatic communication project of“telling America’s story to the world.”From the interdisciplinary perspectives of international politics,diplomacy,communication,and narrative studies,this paper comprehensively investigates the historical motives,development process and narrative mode of“telling America’s story to the world.”It is found that by integrating overseas communication sources and advanced information technologies,the United States gradually becomes a superpower of international discourse which matches its comprehensive national strength.In order to build a whole-of-government,whole-of-society,and whole-of-media diplomatic narrative system,the U.S.government promotes the cross-departmental linkage,legalization of“telling America’s story to the world,”and the dual-track narrative principles,complemented by multiple narrative strategies such as plot shaping,character image highlighting,multi-perspective presentation and data information manipulation.For the purpose of breaking the U.S.narrative hegemonism and safeguarding China’s narrative sovereignty,China should accelerate its construction of a major-country narrative system of“telling China’s story well,”expose and counter the U.S.stigmatizing narrative against China,and constantly improve China’s international discourse power.

关 键 词：讲述美国故事 霸权外交叙事模式 叙事策略 国际话语权 

分 类 号：D871.20[政治法律—政治学]