南海鹿角杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora damicornis)的低遗传多样性凸显了环境变化下的脆弱性  

Low Genetic Diversity of Scleractinian Coral(Pocillopora damicornis)Highlight the Vulnerability Under Environmental Change in the South China Sea

作　　者：陈胤民 黄雯 冯逸 陈锦连 王永刚 肖遵勇 蒙林庆 黄学勇 余克服 CHEN Yinmin;HUANG Wen;FENG Yi;CHEN Jinlian;WANG Yonggang;XIAO Zunyong;MENG Linqing;HUANG Xueyong;YU Kefu(Coral Reef Research Center of China,School of Marine Sciences,Guangxi University,Nanning,530004;Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea,Nanning,530004;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai,519080)

机构地区：[1]广西大学海洋学院,珊瑚礁研究中心,南宁530004 [2]广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室,南宁530004 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海519080

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2024年第3期493-503,共11页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42090041,41866006,42030502)共同资助。

摘　　要：珊瑚礁是典型的环境敏感性的海洋生态系统之一,其对环境变化的响应及适应机制的相关研究得到越来越多的关注。了解南海广布型物种鹿角杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora damicornis)的遗传特征有利于深入理解南海珊瑚礁的环境适应机制。本研究基于南海2个典型海域4个调查站点共84个鹿角杯形珊瑚样品,使用7个微卫星标记表征其遗传多样性和遗传结构。遗传多样性指标统计结果显示,南海鹿角杯形珊瑚的遗传多样性水平较低(H_(o)为0.090~0.567,He为0.137~0.458),海南岛海区与西沙海区的遗传多样性水平差别不大,其中海南岛的鹿回头群体的遗传多样性较高,西沙的银屿群体的遗传多样性最低。遗传结构分析结果显示,南海鹿角杯形珊瑚形成2个遗传分离的谱系:(鹿回头群体、七连屿群体、永兴群体)和银屿群体。曼特尔检验结果表明鹿角杯形珊瑚群体间的遗传分化与平均海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)(R^(2)=0.3125,P=0.290)、SST变异度(R^(2)=0.0668,P=0.680)、地理距离(R^(2)=0.0484,P=0.680)、叶绿素a浓度(R^(2)=0.1072,P=0.480)及水体下行漫衰减系数(R^(2)=0.1091,P=0.390)不存在显著的相关关系。这些结果表明,鹿角杯形珊瑚遗传多样性不足的遗传特征不利于其适应严峻的生态状况,意味着遭受干扰后的恢复能力差,局部灭绝的风险较高。本研究初步评估了南海2个典型海域的鹿角杯形珊瑚的遗传现状和遗传特征,对未来的珊瑚保护工作有一定参考价值。Coral reefs are one of the typical environmentally sensitive marine ecosystems,and their response to environmental changes and adaptation mechanisms have received increasing attention.Understanding the genetics of the widely distributed species Pocillopora damicornis in the South China Sea is of great benefit to further understand the environmental adaptation mechanism of coral reefs in the South China Sea.Based on 84 P.damicornis samples collected from 2 typical sea areas and 4 survey stations in the South China Sea,this study characterized their genetic diversity and genetic structure based on 7 microsatellite markers.The statistical results of genetic diversity indicators showed that the level of genetic diversity of P.damicornis in the South China Sea was low(H_(o)is 0.090~0.567,H_e is 0.137~0.458),and there was no significant difference in genetic diversity levels between the Hainan island and Xisha islands,among which the genetic diversity of Luluitou(Hainan island)was the higher,and that of Yinyu(Xisha islands)was the lowest.The results of genetic structure analysis showed that P.damicornis in the South China Sea formed two lineages of genetic separation:(Luluitou,Qilianyu,Yongxing)and Yinyu.The Mantel test results showed that there was no significant correlation between genetic differentiation among P.damicornis populations and average sea surface temperature(SST)(R^(2)=0.3125,P=0.290),SST variance(R^(2)=0.0668,P=0.680),geographic distance(R^(2)=0.0484,P=0.680),chlorophyll a concentration(R^(2)=0.1072,P=0.480)and diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance at 490 nm(R^(2)=0.1091,P=0.390).These results showed that the lack of genetic diversity of P.damicornis populations are not conducive to the adaptation of this species to the severe ecological conditions,which means that the ability to recover after interference was poor and the risk of local extinction was high.This study evaluated preliminarily the genetic status and characteristics of the South China Sea(in two typical sea area)P.damic

关 键 词：南海 造礁石珊瑚 遗传多样性 连通性 适应潜力 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]