小非编码RNA在精子发生及男性不育中的功能机制  

Functions and mechanisms of small noncoding RNAs in spermatogenesis and male infertility

作　　者：潘舵 武怡辰 殷子奇 刘默芳 PAN Duo;WU YiChen;YIN ZiQi;LIU MoFang(Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心,生物化学与细胞生物学研究所,上海200031

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第4期556-568,共13页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

摘　　要：小非编码RNA是一类特殊的基因调控因子,可在转录、转录后和表观遗传水平上调控真核生物细胞的基因表达.大量研究发现,包括piRNA,miRNA和tsRNA等小非编码RNA在哺乳动物雄性生殖细胞中高丰度表达,为精子发生和雄性生殖必需,其表达异常及相关调控通路基因突变与男性不育密切相关.本文总结近期关于小非编码RNA与精子发生相关的研究进展,将主要概述小非编码RNA在哺乳动物精子发生中的生物学功能和作用机制相关最新研究进展,并探讨其异常调控与男性不育的相关性及其在男性不育临床诊治中的潜在应用.Small noncoding RNAs are a unique class of gene regulators that control gene expression in eukaryotes at transcriptional,posttranscriptional,and epigenetic levels.Recent studies have indicated that several types of small noncoding RNAs,including Piwiinteracting RNAs(piRNAs),microRNAs(miRNAs),and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs),are abundantly expressed in the male germline and are required for spermatogenesis in mammals.In this review,we summarize the most recent advances in the field,focusing on the functions and mechanisms of small noncoding RNAs in spermatogenesis and male infertility.We also discuss the clinical application of small non-coding RNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.

关 键 词：小非编码RNA PIRNA MIRNA tsRNA 精子发生 男性不育 

分 类 号：R698.2[医药卫生—泌尿科学]