基于国家紧急医学救援队能力提升的评估体系构建及培训演练模式研究  

Research on the establishment of capability evaluation system and training and exercise models of the national emergency medical rescue team

作　　者：周丹 殷鉴[1,2,3] 高彩萍 李玲玉[1] 赵黎明 刘中民 ZHOU Dan;YIN Jian;GAO Caiping;LI Lingyu;ZHAO Liming;LIU Zhongmin(Shanghai East Hospital,Tongji University,Shanghai 200120,China;Tongji University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200092,China;The Institute of Disaster Medicine Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200120,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学附属东方医院,上海200120 [2]同济大学医学院,上海200092 [3]同济大学灾难医学工程研究院,上海200120

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2024年第3期262-268,共7页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市“超级博士后激励计划”(2021366);2022浦东新区卫生系统领先人才培养计划(PWRl2022-01);2019东方医院“远航人才计划”(2019yhrcjh05);浦东新区高峰高原学科(PWYgf2021-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】以提升突发灾难事件的应对能力和科学防范重大疫情为目标,研究构建理论培训和实战演练相结合的国家紧急医学救援队能力评估体系对于提升队伍综合素质的实际效用。【方法】基于联合国国际救援队伍分级测评(IEC)标准构建国家紧急医学救援队能力评估体系;基于成果导向教育(OBE)理念对队伍建设及队员培训进行课程设计和演练方案创新研究。通过统计2020—2023年国家紧急医学救援队(上海)综合素质考评结果,以及“光谱号”立体救援演练过程,对评估体系和培训演练的实际效用开展实证研究。【结果】基于各项核心能力的代用指标数值点线性回归分析所得,评估体系中的急救技能、医疗卫生知识、灾害应对能力、团队协作能力、心理韧性训练这5项核心能力均与培训累积次数呈正相关(r=0.71、r=0.76、r=0.81、r=0.84、r=0.96,均P<0.05),表明培训效果良好,课程设计合理有效;而实证案例表明立体救援演练模式对队员实战应用和能力提升方面成效显著。【结论】依照三级评估体系设计开展的培训课程和演练内容,对国家紧急医学救援队的综合能力提高具有突出效用。[Objective]To improve the response capabilities to disasters and prevent major epidemics,it is of practical use to study the capability evaluation system of the national emergency medical rescue team that combines theoretical training and practical exercises,to enhance the overall quality of the teams.[Methods]First,a capability assessment system for the national emergency medical rescue team was constructed based on the INSARAG External Classification(IEC)standards of the national emergency medical rescue team.Then,based on the outcome based education(OBE)concept,we conducted innovative research on the curriculum design and exercise programs for team building and member training.Finally,an empirical analysis was conducted on the effectiveness of the evaluation system and training exercises based on the statistical analysis of the comprehensive quality evaluation of the Shanghai national emergency medical rescue team from 2020 to 2023,as well as the empirical analysis of the rescue exercise on the Cruise of spectrum.[Results]Based on the linear regression analysis of each core competency indicators,the five core competencies in the evaluation system,including rescue skills,medical and health knowledge,disaster coping ability,team cooperation ability,and mental resilience training,were positively correlated with the cumulative number of trainings(r=0.71,r=0.76,r=0.81,r=0.84,r=0.96,all P<0.05),indicating that the training was effective and the course design was reasonable.Empirical cases showed that the three-dimensional rescue drill model had remarkable results in the actual combat application and ability improvement of team members.[Conclusion]The training courses and drills designed based on the three-level assessment system are effective in improving the comprehensive capabilities of the national emergency medical rescue team.

关 键 词：公共卫生 国家紧急医学救援队 评估体系 课程设计 演练模式 能力提升 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]