刑事强制措施制度的体系化修改及现代化进路  

Systematic Modification and Modernization Progress of the Criminal Coercive Measures System

作　　者：郭烁 GUO Shuo(Supervisor at Procedural Law Research Institute,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期111-123,共13页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“大数据侦查的程序控制与证据适用研究”(19AZD024)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国《刑事诉讼法》自1979年颁布至今历经三次修改,但一直未曾就强制措施制度的若干根本性问题展开体系化补正工作。与域外“分门别类”的刑事强制措施相比,我国的强制措施仅限对人身权利的限制,不仅存在诸多内生性缺陷,还因缺乏对物、隐私权和个人信息权益的侦查限权,导致当前强制措施制度的系统性不足。刑事强制措施体系的建构关涉每个公民的基本权利。据此,应当对我国刑事强制措施制度进行体系化修改以使其满足现代刑事诉讼的发展要求。一方面,对人刑事强制措施的完善方向在于改革拘留制度并推进非羁押性强制措施的适用,将当前五种限制人身自由的强制措施明确改造为到案、羁押、非羁押三类,使其轻重层次分明;另一方面,将针对物、公民隐私以及个人信息的侦查手段正式纳入刑事强制措施体系,从而通过司法令状手段导入司法监督,并以“物权保护”“合理期待”“必要限度”等标准辅助检察院、法院审查评判。China’s Criminal Procedure Law has undergone three amendments since its enactment in 1979.However,some fundamental issues within the criminal coercive measures system remain unaddressed.In comparison to the diverse array of extraterritorial criminal coercive measures,China’s measures are predominantly focused on restricting personal rights.This approach not only exhibits inherent flaws but also lacks provisions for investigating objects,protecting privacy rights,and safeguarding personal information,leading to systematic inadequacies in the current coercive measures system.The construction of the criminal coercive measures system directly impacts the fundamental rights of every citizen.Therefore,it is imperative to systematically revise China’s system to align with the evolving demands of criminal proceedings.On the one hand,enhancing criminal coercive measures entails reforming the detention system and promoting the utilization of non-custodial measures.This transformation would categorize the current five types of coercive measures restricting personal freedom into three distinct categories:appearance,custody,and non-custody,thus clarifying their severity levels.On the other hand,investigative measures targeting objects,citizens privacy,and personal information must be formally incorporated into the system of criminal coercive measures.This incorporation would enable judicial review through judicial writs,while criteria such as“protection of property rights”,“reasonable expectation”,and“necessary limit”can assist the procuratorate and court in their review and judgment.

关 键 词：刑事强制措施 强制到案 羁押候审 司法令状 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]