他人与自我的双重目光——《孟子》“四体不言而喻”的两种解释  

The Dual Perspectives of the Other and the Self--two interpretations of"the limbs are self-evident"in Mencius

作　　者：郭矩铭 GUO Juming(Department of philosophy,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《上饶师范学院学报》2024年第1期45-50,共6页Journal of Shangrao Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD036);贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题重大课题(20GZGX03)。

摘　　要：《孟子》“广土众民”章末句的断句、注解存在两种不同的解释.其中,“其生色也,睟然见于面”的断句更为合理.“睟然”“盎”“四体不言而喻”均为修饰语,说明君子“面”“背”“四体”的气象.关于“四体不言而喻”的解释存在他人的目光与自我的目光两种向度,赵岐基于前者说明君子的德性无须语言亦能使人知晓,朱熹基于后者强调君子心与身的自然一致性,四肢的动作自然而然遵循四德.朱熹的注解在文字训诂、句意诠释方面更为字顺文从;在义理方面理合义洽,既契合孟子思想,又贯通孔子之学.There are two different interpretations of the sentence break and annotation of the last sentence of Mencius Chapter on"Vast territory and large population".Of the two,the sentence break of"They produce an aura of purity and moistness that shows up on the face"(“其生色也,然见于面”)is a more reasonable one.The words"aura of purity and moistness"(然),"rich"(盎)and"limbs know what to do instead of waiting for the command"(四体不言而喻)are all modifiers describing the conditions of the gentleman's"face","back"and"limbs".There are dual perspectives on the interpretation of"limbs know what to do instead of waiting for the command"from the perspective of the other and from the perspective of the self.Zhao Qi explains that the virtues of a gentleman can be made known to others without words from the first perspective.Zhu Xi explains that,from a second perspective,the natural concordance between the mind and the body of a gentleman,and the movements of the limbs naturally follow the four virtues.Zhu Xi's interpretation is clearer and more fluent in terms of textual exegesis and sentence interpretation,and it has reasonable Li and appropriate Yi in terms of Yi and Li,which fits into both Mencius'thought and Confucius'school of thought.

关 键 词：“广土众民”章 四体不言而喻 他人 自我 赵岐 朱熹 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]