刑事辩护视野下违法性认识错误的体系定位与实践运用  

Systematic Positioning and Practical Application of ErroneousUnderstanding of Illegality from the Perspective of Criminal Defense

作　　者：吴桐[1] Wu Tong(Law School,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100089)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院,北京100089

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2024年第3期150-157,共8页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金一般项目“刑事证明困难的解决及其限度研究”(项目编号:21BFX187)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：法定犯时代的到来对司法实践长期坚守的“违法性认识不要说”形成冲击的同时,也使违法性认识错误的判断更加复杂。在刑事辩护中,违法性认识错误分别对应无罪辩护、罪轻辩护以及量刑辩护三种辩护事由。从刑事一体化视角来看,故意说主张违法性认识错误应表现为无罪辩护事由和罪轻辩护事由,责任说则认为违法性认识错误通常属于量刑辩护事由。三种辩护事由的实践运用比重不仅取决于如何理解违法性认识在犯罪论体系中的理论定位,也与不同辩护事由在刑事诉讼程序中的主张难易程度密切相关。在实体与程序的双重考量下,将违法性认识错误作为量刑辩护事由的做法可以有效平衡被告人利益诉求与刑事政策要求。对此,应坚守责任说的基本立场,充分发挥违法性认识错误作为量刑辩护事由的积极意义,从证明模式转型、证明责任分配以及证明标准廓清三个方面发挥其辩护实效。The arrival of the era of statutory offenses challenges the long-standing adherence to the principle of of “nonmentioncognition of illegality” in judicial practice,but it also makes the judgement of the error in the cognition ofillegality more complex.In criminal defense,errors in understanding illegality correspond to three kinds ofdefenses:defense of innocence,defense of misdemeanor,and defense of sentencing.From the perspective of criminalintegration,the intentional theory advocates that error in understanding illegality should be be manifested as reasonsfor the defense of innocence and misdemeanor,while the responsibility theory believes that the error inunderstanding illegality usually belongs to reasons for the defense of sentencing.The proportion of practicalapplication of the three defenses not only depends on how to understand the theoretical position of illegality in thecriminal theory system,but also is closely related to the difficulty of asserting different defenses in the criminalprocedure.Under the dual consideration of substantive law and procedural law,the practice of taking the error inunderstanding illegality as the defense of sentencing can effectively balance the interests of the defendant and therequirements of criminal policy.In this regard,we should adhere to the basic position of the responsibility theory,andgive full play to the positive significance of the error in understanding illegality as a reason for sentencingdefense,and play its defense effectiveness from three aspects:transformation of proof mode,allocation of proofburden,and clarification of proof standards.

关 键 词：刑事一体化 刑事辩护 违法性认识错误 量刑辩护 证明模式 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]