猛犸象牙“冻土料”与猛犸臼齿的形貌、化学成分及谱学特征研究  

Morphology,Chemical Composition and Spectral Characteristic of“Frozen Soil Material”Mammoth Ivory and Mammoth Molar

作　　者：吴烨盛 于志超 马永旺 冯晓燕 WU Yesheng;YU Zhichao;MA Yongwang;FENG Xiaoyan(National Gemstone Test Center Beijing Laboratory,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]国家珠宝玉石首饰检验集团有限公司(国家珠宝玉石质量检验检测中心)北京实验室,北京100013

出　　处：《宝石和宝石学杂志（中英文）》2024年第2期23-30,共8页Journal of Gems & Gemmology

摘　　要：本文借助宝石学显微镜、超景深显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线荧光光谱仪及拉曼光谱仪对西伯利亚猛犸象牙“冻土料”(猛犸象牙门齿次外层区域)、猛犸臼齿(槽牙)的形貌特征、化学成分及谱学特征进行了较系统性测试分析,旨在拓展猛犸象牙的研究资料。结果显示,猛犸象牙“冻土料”样品具有明显的勒兹纹生长结构,且外层平行/垂直于牙皮的生长纹理与勒兹纹交点的垂线的交角小于90°,冻土层丰富的矿物组成对样品的表皮造成不同颜色和深度的侵染、对其结构及花纹的多样性产生一定影响;成分分析显示,猛犸象牙“冻土料”样品和猛犸臼齿样品均含有大量的P与Ca等元素,且Sr/Ni+Cu的元素含量比值均小于20;拉曼光谱测试到的960 cm^(-1)和580 cm^(-1)指示了猛犸象牙中磷酸盐的成分。猛犸臼齿样品的表面、缝隙、珠孔处的灰蓝色-黑色物质的红外光谱显示为环氧树脂,且该样品表面局部覆无色透明膜,棕色及白色主体部分具猛犸象牙谱线特征,指示其经过充填和覆膜处理。In this study,gemmological microscope,ultra-depth-of-field microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer and Raman spectrometer were used to analyze the morphological characteristics,chemical compositions and spectral characteristics of“frozen soil material”mammoth ivory from Siberia and mammoth molar,to expand the data of previous studies on mammoth ivory.The results showed that the intersection angle of the growth texture and the vertical line of the intersection point of the Retzius is less than 90°.The“frozen soil material”mammoth ivory samples and the mammoth molar samples both contained a lot of P and Ca elements,and the ratio of Sr/Ni+Cu was less than 20.The rich mineral composition of tundra could cause different colours and depths of infiltration on the surface of the mammoth ivory,and affected the structure and pattern of the mammoth ivory.Raman shifts at 960 cm^(-1) and 580 cm^(-1) indicate the phosphate in mammoth ivory.The dusty blue-black parts on the surfaces,in the cracks and bead holes of the mammoth molar samples were tested by IR spectrometer,which were epoxy resin.The surface was partially covered with colourless transparent film,and the other brown and white parts had the characteristics of mammoth tooth spectral line,indicating the samples to be filled and coated.

关 键 词：猛犸象牙 臼齿 谱学特征 充填处理 

分 类 号：TS93[轻工技术与工程]