基于植物性状和挥发性成分的罗勒种质资源遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Basil(Ocimum basilicum)Germplasm Resources Based on Plant Traits and Volatile Components

作　　者：张亚娇 于福来[2] 元超 陈晓鹭 谢小丽[2] 王凯[2] 黄梅[2] 陈振夏[2] 官玲亮[2] 陈松笔[2] ZHANG Yajiao;YU Fulai;YUAN Chao;CHEN Xiaolu;XIE Xiaoli;WANG Kai;HUANG Mei;CHEN Zhenxia;GUAN Lingliang;CHEN Songbi(College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163000,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Medicinal Materials,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Trial operation)/Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Medicinal Plants,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163000 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室(试运行)/海南省热带药用植物工程研究中心,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第4期825-836,共12页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31870317);海南省自然科学基金项目(No.2019RC316,No.820MS102)。

摘　　要：分析不同罗勒种质资源表型性状与化学型的遗传多样性,为罗勒种质资源创新利用和品种选育提供理论参考。调查测定15份罗勒种质资源植物学性状,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)测定其叶片挥发性成分,并结合相对气味活度值(ROAV)探究不同罗勒种质关键香气化合物,并且对供试罗勒种质进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明:除分枝数外,15份罗勒种质的株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽及茎粗差异显著。通过GC-MS技术从15份罗勒种质中共鉴定出104种挥发性成分,包括烷烃类37种,萜烯类32种,酯类8种,酚类5种,醇类4种,醛类3种,醚类1种,其他14种,其中共有成分有2种,即2,4-二叔丁基酚和十七烷。根据查询并计算ROAV值,发现关键香气物质有丁香酚、芳樟醇、桉叶油醇、顺式-柠檬醛、肉桂酸甲酯、4-烯丙基苯甲醚等。挥发性物质主成分分析和聚类分析将罗勒分为5类,泰国罗勒、茴香罗勒、暹罗皇后罗勒和甜罗勒聚为一类;九层塔罗勒、热那亚罗勒、红鲁宾罗勒、紫黑蛋白石罗勒和紫夜罗勒聚为一类;柠檬罗勒和丁香罗勒聚为一类;托斯卡纳罗勒、冥王星罗勒和大叶罗勒聚为一类;肉桂罗勒单独聚为一类。而植物学表型性状聚类分析也将罗勒分为5类,冥王星罗勒聚为一类,丁香罗勒、茴香罗勒和紫黑蛋白石罗勒聚为一类,泰国罗勒单独聚为一类,大叶罗勒和肉桂罗勒单独聚为一类,其余8份种质聚为一类。15份罗勒种质植物学性状和挥发性成分差异显著,遗传多样性丰富,可针对性的进行罗勒特异种质的选育。The study was aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of the phenotypic traits and chemotypes of different Ocimum basilicum germplasm resources,to provide theoretical reference for the innovative utilization of basil germplasm resources and variety selection.The botanical traits of 15 basil germplasm resources and the volatile components of the leaves investigated and determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),together with the relative odour activity values(ROAV).At the same time,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on the tested germplasms.The 15 basil germplasms differed significantly in plant height,plant width,leaf length,leaf width and stem thickness,except for the number of branches.104 volatile compounds were identified,including 37 alkanes,32 terpenes,8 esters,5 phenols,4 alcohols,3 aldehydes,1 ether,and 14 other compounds,of which there are two types of common components,2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and heptadecane.According to the ROAV values obtained from the enquiries and calculations,the key aroma substances were found to be eugenol,linalool,eucalyptol,cis-citral,methyl cinnamate,4-allyl anisole,etc.The principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the volatile substances the germplasms could be classified into five groups,namely,Thai basil,Anise basil,Siam queen basil and Sweet basil were grouped together,Jiu Cengta basil,Genovese basil,Red rubin basil,Purple dark opal basil and Purple ruffles basil were grouped together,Clove basil and Lemon basil were grouped together,Tuscany basil,Pluto basil and Italian large leaf basil were grouped together,Cinnamon basil was grouped one category.The phenotypic trait cluster analysis also classified basil into five groups,with Pluto basil into a group,Clove basil,Anise basil and Purple dark opal basil into a group,Thai basil into a group,Italian large leaf basill and Cinnamon basil into a group.The remaining eight germplasm were clustered into a group.The 15 germplasms have significant differences in botanical c

关 键 词：罗勒 植物学性状 挥发性成分 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：Q949.95[生物学—植物学]