海上搜救打捞装备发展研究  

Development of Maritime Search,Rescue and Salvage Equipment

作　　者：弓永军 孙玉清[2] 李华军[3] 董传明 张增猛 Gong Yongjun;Sun Yuqing;Li Huajun;Dong Chuanming;Zhang Zengmeng(Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College of Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning,China;Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning,China;Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;Navigation College of Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学船舶与海洋工程学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]大连海事大学,辽宁大连116026 [3]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266100 [4]大连海事大学航海学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2024年第2期50-62,共13页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“水下工程技术装备与产业链发展战略研究”(2023-XZ-32)。

摘　　要：搜救打捞是海上安全的最后一道防线,为国家综合运输体系建设、海洋经济可持续发展提供可靠保障;搜救打捞装备是履行海上人员安全、环境安全、财产救助、应急抢险打捞等公益性职责,保障国家海上物流供应链安全的重要支撑。本文从目标搜寻定位与探测装备、海上人命救助装备、海上环境救助装备、打捞工程专用装备四方面着手,全面梳理了国外海上搜救打捞装备的发展现状,以及我国海上搜救打捞装备的研制与应用进展。与国外发达国家相比,我国海上搜救打捞装备发展存在搜寻定位装备落后、海上人命救助能力不强、危化品处置能力较低、大吨位沉船打捞能力薄弱等问题。在进一步辨识海上搜救打捞装备发展前沿的基础上,提出了加大关键装备的研发投入、推动搜救打捞装备的升级迭代、强化科技创新能力以提升装备智能化水平、部署搜救打捞技术装备攻关工程、提供相应产业政策支持等建议,以期促进我国海上搜救打捞装备高质量发展。Maritime search,rescue,and salvage,as the last line of defense for maritime safety,provide a reliable guarantee for the construction of a national transport system and the sustainable development of marine economy.Maritime search,rescue,and salvage equipment is an important support to fulfil public welfare duties regarding life,environment,property rescue,and emergency recovery and salvage,and to guarantee the security of a national maritime logistics supply chain.This study summarizes the global development status of maritime search,rescue,and salvage equipment as well as the research and application progress of these equipment in China from four aspects:(1)target search,location,and detection equipment,(2)life rescue equipment,(3)environment rescue equipment,and(4)salvage engineering equipment.China still lags behind developed countries regarding the maritime search,rescue,and salvage equipment in terms of search and positioning equipment,life rescue capabilities,hazardous chemical disposal capabilities,and the ability to salvage large-tonnage sunken vessels.Therefore,we propose the following suggestions to promote the high-quality development of the maritime search,rescue and salvage equipment in China:(1)increasing investment in the research and development of key equipment,(2)promoting the upgrading of these equipment,(3)strengthening the innovation capabilities of the country to enhance the intelligence level of these equipment,(4)establishing major research projects,and(5)providing industrial policy support.

关 键 词：搜救打捞 搜寻定位 人命救助 环境救助 升沉补偿技术 

分 类 号：U676.6[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]