清代书院奖助学制度的历史考察及现代启示  

Historical Investigation and Modern Inspirations from the Scholarship and Grant System of Academy in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：黄漫远[1,2] Huang Manyuan(Department of Education,Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University,Nanchang,China;Institute of Education,Xiamen University,Xiamen,China)

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学教育学部,江西南昌330013 [2]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2024年第3期108-118,共11页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：江西省文化艺术科学规划一般项目《地方文化视角下的王阳明及王门后学与明中后期江西书院讲学活动研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:YG2021124

摘　　要：遵循传统“教养相资”理念,清代书院大多建立了相对完备并普遍实施的奖助学制度,其中助学大致包括膏火和宾兴,奖学大致包括考课花红和中式花红。书院奖助学制度可以缓解生徒在治生、赡家以及举业治学过程中出现的经济困难,但由于书院对奖助学进行待遇差异化给付,促生了生徒领受行为不端等现象。而清代书院奖助学制度与领受人学业表现、德育水平紧密结合并动态调整,在运行中融入育人环节,对当前我国高校奖助学制度体系的完善、资助育人功能的充分发挥,以及矫正领受人畸态行为等方面具有一定启示意义。In the Qing Dynasty,following the traditional concept of“treating teaching and nursing separately and emphasizing mutual assistance between the two”,relatively perfect and universally-implemented scholarship and grant systems were established in most academies in order to help alleviate the financial difficulties confronted by students to sustain their livelihood,such as caring for families,progressing through the path of learning,and continuing research.The grants were generally divided into Gaohuo and Binxing,whereas the scholarships into Kaoke Huahong and Zhongshi Huahong.However,due to the differentiated payment of scholarships and grants to students,student misconducts were common in scholarship and grant applications.The academies in the Qing Dynasty solved these problems by considering the beneficiaries’academic and moral performance and making flexible adjustments to the scholarship and grant system.This means of resolution has offered valuable inspirations to the improvement of the scholarship and grant system adopted by contemporary Chinese colleges and universities,to maximizing the effectiveness of the student support function,and to the correction of beneficiaries’misconducts.

关 键 词：书院 奖助学制度 历史考察 现代启示 

分 类 号：G40.09[文化科学—教育学原理]