民国时期诗法著作与旧诗写作教材的变化  

Books on Poetry Methods in the Period of the Republic of China and the Changes in Old-Style Poetry Writing Textbooks

作　　者：陶永莉 田源 Tao Yongli;Tian Yuan(Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications;Sichuan Fine Arts Institute;Southwest University)

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学创新创业教育学院 [2]四川美术学院通识学院 [3]西南大学中国新诗研究所

出　　处：《写作》2024年第2期118-128,共11页Writing

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“清末民初中国诗歌教育的现代转型研究”(项目编号:19XZW029)。

摘　　要：民国时期诗法著作分为两大类:第一类是学校教员为指导学生写诗编著的教学材料或课程讲义,以黄节的《诗律》、冯振的《七言绝句作法举隅》、徐谦的《诗词学》等大学讲义为代表,专门讲授不同诗体的作法知识与技巧,具有专门性、专题性和系统性特点;第二类是为社会上诗歌写作爱好者编著的学诗启蒙读物,以张廷华的《学诗初步》、刘铁冷的《作诗百法》等为代表,主要讲授诗歌写作的基础知识、基本技巧,呈现出基础性、启蒙性和普及性特点。前者属于大学文学专业教育的一部分,揭示了民国时期大学国文系旧诗写作的教学情况;后者属于社会教育的一部分,揭示了民国时期社会上旧诗写作的教法情况。这两种诗法著作都难以忽视“五四”白话诗运动,或在序言中指责白话诗流弊,痛惜风雅沦丧,或在正文中辟专章评论白话诗。这使得民国时期的诗法著作在传授古典诗学时不得不与白话诗进行对话。Books on poetry methods in the Republic of China are divided into two types.The first type is teaching materials or course notes compiled by school teachers to guide students in writing poetry.It is represented by university lecture notes such as Huang Jie’s Rhythm of Poetry,Feng Zhen’s Examples of Seven Character Quatrains Methods,and Xu Qian’s Poetics.They specialize in teaching knowledge and techniques of different poetic styles,with characteristics of specialization,specialization,and systematicity.The second type is poetry enlightenment reading materials compiled for poetry writing enthusiasts in society.It is represented by Zhang Tinghua’s Preliminary Study of Poetry,Liu Tieleng’s Hundred Methods of Poetry Writing.They mainly teach the basic knowledge and skills of poetry writing,presenting characteristics of foundation,enlightenment,and popularization.The former belongs to a part of university literature education and reveals the teaching situation of old-style poetry writing in the Chinese Department.The latter belongs to a part of social education and reveals the teaching methods of old-style poetry writing in the society of the Republic of China.They find it difficult to ignore the New Poetry Movement,accuse the abuse of new poetry in the preface,regret the loss of elegance and grace,and create a special chapter in the main text to comment on new poetry.This forced books on poetry methods to engage in dialogue with new poetry when teaching classical poetry.

关 键 词：诗法编著 旧诗 写作教材 

分 类 号：H315[语言文字—英语]