论行政主体的行政协议诉讼原告地位  

The Status of Administrative Subject as Plaintiffsin Administrative Contract Litigation

作　　者：于立深 Yu Li-shen

机构地区：[1]东南大学人权研究院 [2]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2024年第2期105-122,共18页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“权责清单法律风险防范机制研究”(项目编号:21BFX047)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：依据当代中国行政诉讼法“民告官”理念预设的原被告角色及其诉讼结构关系恒定模式,在有关行政协议争议的诉讼中,缔约的行政主体不能作为第一审原告。究其原因,《行政诉讼法》只承认了抗告诉讼(撤销诉讼)的行政行为合法性审查,并将行政协议误读为行政行为的种类之一。行政协议因此也具有了行政行为的效力内容,并可以被作为非诉行政案件执行的根据,替代了行政主体通过起诉方式解决缔约相对人不履约的诉讼模式。无论是对行政协议纠纷非诉强制执行的实质司法审查,还是以行政协议履行催告决定书作为非诉执行根据,都缺乏契约法理和强制执行的正当基础。自20世纪60年代至90年代,世界范围内和我国法域内的行政诉讼当事人资格和受案范围制度均发生了重大变化。行政协议之诉是法律关系争执的给付诉讼,缔约的行政主体在诉讼阶段得提起债权之诉,在执行阶段得提起执行异议之诉。According to the ideas of“Private Party Suing the Government”,which presupposes a constant pattern of the relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant and the relevant litigation structure.In the litigations regarding on the administrative contract,the contracting administrative party cannot be the plaintiff in the first trial.The reason is that the Administrative Litigation Law only recognizes the review of the legality of administrative acts in counter-appeal suit,and mistakenly interpret administrative contract under the category of administrative acts.Therefore,administrative act also has the effect and legal binding force as administrative acts in public law,and can be used as the basis for enforcement in non-litigation administrative cases,replacing the litigation model of administrative subject by suing the contractual disputes.Whether it is the substantive judicial review of the non-litigation administrative enforcement of administrative contracts,or the use of the administrative contracts in procedure for announcement to urge declaration of claims as the basis for enforcement,there is no proper basis for contract jurisprudence and administrative enforcement.From the 1960s to the 1990s,many major changes have taken place in the role of parties and the scope of cases accepted in the world and in Chinese jurisdictions.The litigation of administrative contract is a payment lawsuit for legal relationship dispute.The administrative bodies may file a lawsuit for creditor’s rights at the litigation stage and a lawsuit of objection to execution at the enforcement stage.

关 键 词：行政协议 “官告民” 非诉行政案件 催告履行决定 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]