论基于债权人撤销权的独立参加  

Research on the Independent Participation Based on the Creditor’s Right to Revoke

作　　者：陈国欣 Chen Guo-xin

机构地区：[1]早稻田大学

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2024年第2期137-152,共16页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“以人民为中心的民事司法程序前沿问题研究”(项目编号:20AZD118);国家社会科学基金项目“当事人与法院交互视角下诉的主观合并研究”(项目编号:23BFX137)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《九民纪要》第120条认可债权人通过第三人撤销之诉行使撤销权,但仍不足以有效因应债务人虚假诉讼对债权人的损害,因此有进一步讨论“债权人通过诉讼参加行使撤销权”的必要性。从诉讼地位角度看,债权人只有拥有独立诉讼地位,才能在诉讼中有效阻止虚假诉讼产生。然而,我国司法实践对主张撤销权的债权人是否是有独立请求权的第三人存有争议。从民事诉讼的独立参加理论看,我国法下债权人通过独立参加行使撤销权的正当性和路径,可从两方面展开解释:一方面,通过将《民事诉讼法》第59条第1款的“提起诉讼”解释为“提出诉讼请求”,可化解我国规范逻辑和实践逻辑的矛盾;在此基础上,结合《民事诉讼法》第59条第1款的制度目的,通过将“独立请求权”解释为“第三人基于自己的实体法权利或衍生于实体法权利的救济性权利,对本诉当事人提出具有否定本诉诉讼标的效果的请求权”,可以将债权人撤销权解释为独立请求权的一种,进而证成债权人通过独立参加行使撤销权的正当性。另一方面,结合《民法典》第538条和第539条,可进一步确定和细化我国法下债权人通过独立参加行使撤销权的条件。Article 120 of the“the Ninth Conference Minutes”acknowledges the creditor’s autonomy to exercise the right to revoke through a third-party opposition action.However,this may not be sufficient to address the harm caused to the creditor by the debtor’s false litigation.Therefore,there is a need for a further discussion regarding“creditor’s exercise of the right to revoke through Participation in Litigation”.From the perspective of the legal position in litigation,a creditor can only effectively prevent false litigation when he has an independent legal position in the litigation.However,in China’s judicial practice,there is a dispute regarding whether a creditor exercising the right to revoke a third party who has an Independent Claim.According to the theory of the Independent Participation in the civil process,the legitimacy and ways for creditors to exercise the right to revoke through Independent Participation can be explained in two aspects.First,by interpreting the“filing a lawsuit”in Article 59,Paragraph 1 of the Civil Procedure Law as“submitting a lawsuit request”,the contradiction between China’s regulatory and practice can be resolved.Building upon this interpretation and considering the legislative purpose of Article 59,by defining“Independent Claim”as“the third party’s right to request,which is based on the substantive rights or remedial rights derived from substantive rights,and has an effect on denying the subject matter of the main lawsuit against to the parties of the main lawsuit”,the creditor’s right to revoke can be seen as a form of an Independent Claim,thereby the legitimacy for creditors to exercise the right to revoke through Independent Participation is established.Secondly,by considering Articles 538 and 539 of the Civil Code,the conditions for creditors to exercise the right to revoke through Independent Participation in China’s legal framework can be further specified.

关 键 词：债权人撤销权 诉讼参加 独立参加 主参加诉讼 独立请求权 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]