技术伦理视域下美国教育人工智能伦理问题审视:现实表征与规避策略  

An Examination of the Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence in American Education from the Perspective of Technical Ethics:Realistic Representation and Avoidance Strategies

作　　者：唐晓玲[1] 郑楚月 TANG Xiao-ling;ZHENG Chu-yue(School of International Education,Sichuan International Studies University,Chongqing 40003,China)

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学国际教育学院,重庆400031

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期118-129,共12页Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学项目“大数据背景下高等教育监测评估的社会风险与治理策略研究”(BIA220083)。

摘　　要：教育人工智能是一种新兴技术,在凸显其优越性的同时逐渐显现出诸多技术伦理问题。美国作为教育人工智能技术的先驱国家,其教育人工智能技术伦理问题表征和规避策略更具典型性。美国教育人工智能在使用过程中出现各种偏见、歧视:智能系统出现错误和技术漏洞时追责困难;海量数据搜集会侵犯学生多种权利;学生长时间使用智能系统可能面临发展障碍,出现“成事”与“成人”的价值冲突。为规避教育人工智能伦理风险,美国制定了教育人工智能相关标准,加强教育人工智能算法监管,出台数据保护指南和法案,并规范智能技术在教育中的应用。我国应借鉴美国教育人工智能伦理问题的治理策略,制定和完善教育人工智能相应政策,建立贯穿全生命周期的全员联动监管机制,研制教育人工智能伦理框架,培养和提升师生的人工智能素养。As an emerging technology,artificial intelligence in education(AIED),though with its advantages,gradually reveals many ethical issues.The ethical issues and avoidance strategies of AIED technology in the United States,a pioneer country in AIED technology,are more typical.Various biases and discrimination have emerged:it is difficult to hold accountable for errors and technical vulnerabilities in intelligent systems;massive data collection may infringe on students’various rights;students’long-term use of intelligent systems may face obstacles to development,thus a value conflict between“gaining success”and“being human”.To avoid such ethical risks,the United States has formulated relevant standards,strengthened the algorithms supervision,introduced data protection guidelines and bills,and standardized the application of intelligent technology in education.China should learn from the governance strategies adopted by the United States,formulate and improve the corresponding policies,establish a full-staff collaborative supervision mechanism throughout the whole life cycle,develop an ethical framework of educational artificial intelligence,and cultivate and improve the artificial intelligence literacy of teachers and students.

关 键 词：美国 教育人工智能 伦理问题 技术伦理 

分 类 号：G43[文化科学—教育学]